PMID- 24149766
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150121
LR  - 20161018
IS  - 1533-4287 (Electronic)
IS  - 1064-8011 (Linking)
VI  - 28
IP  - 5
DP  - 2014 May
TI  - The influence of professional status on maximal and rapid isometric torque 
      characteristics in elite soccer referees.
PG  - 1310-8
LID - 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000278 [doi]
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of maximal and rapid 
      isometric torque characteristics of the posterior muscles of the hip and thigh 
      and lower-body power to discriminate between professional status in full-time and 
      part-time professional soccer referees. Seven full-time (mean +/- SE: age = 36 +/- 2 
      years; mass = 82 +/- 4 kg; and height = 179 +/- 3 cm) and 9 part-time (age = 34 +/- 2 
      years; mass = 84 +/- 2 kg; and height = 181 +/- 2 cm) professional soccer referees 
      performed 2 isometric maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) of the posterior 
      muscles of the hip and thigh. Peak torque (PT) and absolute and relative rate of 
      torque development (RTD) were calculated from a torque-time curve that was 
      recorded during each MVC. Lower-body power output was assessed through a vertical 
      jump test. Results indicated that the rapid torque characteristics were greater 
      in the full-time compared with the part-time referees for absolute RTD (p = 
      0.011) and relative RTD at 1/2 (p = 0.022) and 2/3 (p = 0.033) of the normalized 
      torque-time curve. However, no differences were observed for PT (p = 0.660) or 
      peak power (Pmax, p = 0.149) between groups. These findings suggest that rapid 
      torque characteristics of the posterior muscles of the hip and thigh may be 
      sensitive and effective measures for discriminating between full-time and 
      part-time professional soccer referees. Strength and conditioning coaches may use 
      these findings to help identify professional soccer referees with high explosive 
      strength-related capacities and possibly overall refereeing ability.
FAU - Palmer, Ty B
AU  - Palmer TB
AD  - 1Applied Musculoskeletal and Human Physiology Research Laboratory, Department of 
      Health and Human Performance, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma; 
      and 2Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise, and Sports 
      Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas.
FAU - Hawkey, Matt J
AU  - Hawkey MJ
FAU - Smith, Doug B
AU  - Smith DB
FAU - Thompson, Brennan J
AU  - Thompson BJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Strength Cond Res
JT  - Journal of strength and conditioning research
JID - 9415084
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Exercise Test
MH  - Hip
MH  - Humans
MH  - Isometric Contraction/*physiology
MH  - Muscle Strength/physiology
MH  - Muscle, Skeletal/anatomy & histology/*physiology
MH  - Soccer/*physiology
MH  - Thigh
MH  - *Torque
EDAT- 2013/10/24 06:00
MHDA- 2015/01/22 06:00
CRDT- 2013/10/24 06:00
PHST- 2013/10/24 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/10/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/01/22 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000278 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Strength Cond Res. 2014 May;28(5):1310-8. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000278.