PMID- 24150621
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20131023
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1303-2968 (Print)
IS  - 1303-2968 (Electronic)
IS  - 1303-2968 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 3
DP  - 2011
TI  - Pre-Workout Carbohydrate Supplementation does not Affect Measures of Selfassessed 
      Vitality and Affect in College Swimmers.
PG  - 478-82
AB  - Beneficial effects of dietary carbohydrate (CHO) on physical and psychological 
      parameters have been demonstrated in athletes. Because affect, or mood, can 
      predict athletic performace, the main objective of this study was to determine 
      the effect of pre-workout CHO on affect in swimmers. College swimmers (n = 37) 
      participated in a randomized crossover experiment of the effects of a pre-workout 
      CHO supplement on vitality and affect. Subjects consumed a CHO supplement or 
      placebo for two days before morning practice. After each morning practice, 
      swimmers completed measures of affect and feelings of vitality. Pearson 
      correlations were performed to describe relationships among variables. 
      Differences in means between the CHO and placebo conditions were determined by 
      paired t-tests. Independent t-tests were used to determine differences in 
      variables between the highest and lowest tertiles of breakfast consumption 
      frequency. All statistical analyses were performed using SAS 9.1.3 (Cary, NC) and 
      statistical signficance was set at alpha = 0.05. There were no significant 
      differences in affect or feelings of vitality between the CHO supplement and 
      placebo conditions (all p >/= 0.15). Our results do not support a beneficial effect 
      of CHO supplementation before morning swim practice on affect or feelings of 
      vitality in swimmers. Key pointsPre-workout carbohydrate did not affect 
      post-workout measures of vitality or affect in collegiate swimmers.Avoidance of 
      feeling nauseous/ill' and 'lack of time' were the most frequent reasons reported 
      by swimmers for forgoing breakfast before morning swim practice.A longer trial of 
      carbohydrate supplementation is needed to verify if there is indeed no effect of 
      pre-workout carbohydrate on post-workout measures of vitality or affect in 
      swimmers.
FAU - Hill, Kathleen M
AU  - Hill KM
AD  - Department of Physical Education, Exercise Science, and Wellness.
FAU - Whitehead, James R
AU  - Whitehead JR
FAU - Goodwin, Janice K
AU  - Goodwin JK
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20110901
PL  - Turkey
TA  - J Sports Sci Med
JT  - Journal of sports science & medicine
JID - 101174629
PMC - PMC3737809
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Nutrition
OT  - mood
OT  - swimmers
EDAT- 2011/01/01 00:00
MHDA- 2011/01/01 00:01
PMCR- 2011/09/01
CRDT- 2013/10/24 06:00
PHST- 2011/04/16 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/06/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/10/24 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/01/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/01/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 2011/09/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - jssm-10-478 [pii]
PST - epublish
SO  - J Sports Sci Med. 2011 Sep 1;10(3):478-82. eCollection 2011.