PMID- 24151231
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20151021
LR  - 20151119
IS  - 1522-2594 (Electronic)
IS  - 0740-3194 (Linking)
VI  - 72
IP  - 3
DP  - 2014 Sep
TI  - Navigator artifact reduction in three-dimensional late gadolinium enhancement 
      imaging of the atria.
PG  - 779-85
LID - 10.1002/mrm.24967 [doi]
AB  - PURPOSE: Navigator-gated three-dimensional (3D) late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) 
      imaging demonstrates scarring following ablation of atrial fibrillation. An 
      artifact originating from the slice-selective navigator-restore pulse is 
      frequently present in the right pulmonary veins (PVs), obscuring the walls and 
      making quantification of enhancement difficult. We describe a simple sequence 
      modification to greatly reduce or remove this artifact. METHODS: A 
      navigator-gated inversion-prepared gradient echo sequence was modified so that 
      the slice-selective navigator-restore pulse was delayed in time from the 
      nonselective preparation (NAV-restore-delayed). Both NAV-restore-delayed and 
      conventional 3D LGE acquisitions were performed in 11 patients and the results 
      compared. RESULTS: One patient was excluded due to severe respiratory motion 
      artifact in both NAV-restore-delayed and conventional acquisitions. Moderate to 
      severe artifact was present in 9 of the remaining 10 patients using the 
      conventional sequence and was considerably reduced when using the 
      NAV-restore-delayed sequence (ostial PV to blood pool ratio, 1.7 +/- 0.5 versus 
      1.1 +/- 0.2, respectively [P < 0.0001]; qualitative artifact scores, 2.8 +/- 1.1 
      versus 1.2 +/- 0.4, respectively [P < 0.001]). While navigator signal-to-noise 
      ratio was reduced with the NAV-restore-delayed sequence, respiratory motion 
      compensation was unaffected. CONCLUSIONS: Shifting the navigator-restore pulse 
      significantly reduces or eliminates navigator artifact. This simple modification 
      improves the quality of 3D LGE imaging and potentially aids late enhancement 
      quantification in the atria.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
FAU - Keegan, Jennifer
AU  - Keegan J
AD  - Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, 
      London, UK.
FAU - Drivas, Peter
AU  - Drivas P
FAU - Firmin, David N
AU  - Firmin DN
LA  - eng
GR  - WT093953MA/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20131022
PL  - United States
TA  - Magn Reson Med
JT  - Magnetic resonance in medicine
JID - 8505245
RN  - 0 (Contrast Media)
RN  - 0 (Organometallic Compounds)
RN  - 1BJ477IO2L (gadobutrol)
SB  - IM
MH  - Artifacts
MH  - Contrast Media
MH  - Echo-Planar Imaging/*methods
MH  - Heart Atria/*anatomy & histology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Image Enhancement/methods
MH  - Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods
MH  - Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods
MH  - Organometallic Compounds
MH  - Pulmonary Veins/*anatomy & histology
MH  - Signal-To-Noise Ratio
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - artifact
OT  - late gadolinium enhancement imaging
OT  - navigator
OT  - pulmonary veins
EDAT- 2013/10/24 06:00
MHDA- 2015/10/22 06:00
CRDT- 2013/10/24 06:00
PHST- 2013/06/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/09/04 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2013/09/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/10/24 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/10/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/10/22 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1002/mrm.24967 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Magn Reson Med. 2014 Sep;72(3):779-85. doi: 10.1002/mrm.24967. Epub 2013 Oct 22.