PMID- 24164172
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150930
LR  - 20221207
IS  - 1520-5851 (Electronic)
IS  - 0013-936X (Linking)
VI  - 47
IP  - 23
DP  - 2013
TI  - Psychoactive pharmaceuticals in sludge and their emission from wastewater 
      treatment facilities in Korea.
PG  - 13321-9
LID - 10.1021/es404129r [doi]
AB  - Concern over the occurrence of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in the 
      environment is mounting due to the potential adverse effects on nontarget 
      organisms. This study draws upon a nationwide survey of psychoactive 
      pharmaceuticals (i.e., antischizophrenics, anxiolytics, and antidepressants) in 
      sludge from 40 representative wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) that receive 
      domestic, industrial, or mixed (domestic plus industrial) wastewaters in Korea. A 
      total of 16 psychoactive pharmaceuticals (0.12-460 ng/g dry weight) and nine of 
      their metabolites (0.97-276 ng/g dry weight) were determined in sludge. The 
      median concentrations of psychoactive drugs in sludge from domestic WWTPs were 
      1.2-3.2 times higher than the concentrations found in WWTPs that receive combined 
      domestic and industrial wastewaters. Among the psychoactive drugs analyzed, the 
      median environmental emission rates of alprazolam (APZ) and carbamazepine (CBZ) 
      through domestic WWTPs (both sludge and effluent discharges combined) were 
      calculated to be >/= 15.5 mug/capita/day, followed by quetiapine (QTP; 8.51 
      mug/capita/day), citalopram (CLP; 5.45 mug/capita/day), and venlafaxine (VLF; 3.59 
      mug/capita/day). The per-capita emission rates of some of the metabolites of 
      psychoactive drugs through WWTP discharges were higher than those calculated for 
      parent compounds. Significant correlations (rho = 0.432-0.780, p < 0.05) were found 
      between the concentrations of typically coprescribed antischizophrenics and 
      antidepressants in sludge. Multiple linear regression analysis of measured 
      concentrations of drugs in sludge revealed that several WWTP parameters such as 
      treatment capacity, population-served, sludge production rate, composition of 
      wastewater (domestic versus industrial), and hydraulic retention time can affect 
      the concentrations of psychoactive drugs in sludge.
FAU - Subedi, Bikram
AU  - Subedi B
AD  - Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of 
      Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New 
      York at Albany , Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, New York 12201-0509, 
      United States.
FAU - Lee, Sunggyu
AU  - Lee S
FAU - Moon, Hyo-Bang
AU  - Moon HB
FAU - Kannan, Kurunthachalam
AU  - Kannan K
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20131118
PL  - United States
TA  - Environ Sci Technol
JT  - Environmental science & technology
JID - 0213155
RN  - 0 (Psychotropic Drugs)
RN  - 0 (Sewage)
RN  - 0 (Waste Water)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - 33CM23913M (Carbamazepine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Carbamazepine/analysis
MH  - Environmental Monitoring/methods/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Humans
MH  - Molecular Structure
MH  - Psychotropic Drugs/*analysis/chemistry
MH  - Republic of Korea
MH  - Sewage/*chemistry
MH  - Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods
MH  - Waste Disposal, Fluid/*methods
MH  - Wastewater/*chemistry
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/*analysis
EDAT- 2013/10/30 06:00
MHDA- 2015/10/01 06:00
CRDT- 2013/10/30 06:00
PHST- 2013/10/30 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/10/30 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/10/01 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1021/es404129r [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Technol. 2013;47(23):13321-9. doi: 10.1021/es404129r. Epub 2013 Nov 
      18.