PMID- 24166069
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20141124
LR  - 20220330
IS  - 1476-5497 (Electronic)
IS  - 0307-0565 (Linking)
VI  - 38
IP  - 3
DP  - 2014 Mar
TI  - Ileal transposition surgery produces ileal length-dependent changes in food 
      intake, body weight, gut hormones and glucose metabolism in rats.
PG  - 379-87
LID - 10.1038/ijo.2013.201 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Enhanced stimulation of the lower gut is hypothesized to play a key 
      role in the weight loss and resolution of diabetes following bariatric surgeries. 
      Ileal transposition (IT) permits study of the effects of direct lower gut 
      stimulation on body weight, glucose homeostasis and other metabolic adaptations 
      without the confounds of gastric restriction or foregut exclusion. However, the 
      underlying mechanisms and the length of the ileum sufficient to produce metabolic 
      benefits following IT surgery remain largely unknown. OBJECTIVE: To determine the 
      effects of transposing varying lengths of the ileum to upper jejunum on food 
      intake, body weight, glucose tolerance and lower gut hormones, and the expression 
      of key markers of glucose and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle and adipose 
      tissue in rats. METHODS: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=9/group) were 
      subjected to IT surgery with translocation of 5, 10 or 20 cm of the ileal segment 
      to proximal jejunum or sham manipulations. Daily food intake and body weight were 
      recorded, and an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was performed. Blood 
      samples were assayed for hormones and tissue samples for mRNA (RT-qPCR) and/or 
      protein abundance (immunoblotting) of regulatory metabolic markers. RESULTS: We 
      demonstrate that IT surgery exerts ileal length-dependent effects on multiple 
      parameters including: (1) decreased food intake and weight gain, (2) improved 
      glucose tolerance, (3) increased tissue expression and plasma concentrations of 
      glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY), and decreased leptin 
      concentrations and (4) upregulation of key markers of glucose metabolism (glucose 
      transporter-4 (GLUT-4), insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), adenosine 
      monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), hexokinase (HK) and 
      phosphofructokinase (PFK)) together with a downregulation of lipogenic markers 
      (fatty acid synthase (FAS)) in muscle and adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Together, 
      our data demonstrate that the reduction in food intake and weight gain, increase 
      in lower gut hormones, glycemic improvements and associated changes in tissue 
      metabolic markers following IT surgery are dependent on the length of the 
      transposed ileum.
FAU - Ramzy, A R
AU  - Ramzy AR
AD  - Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alberta, 
      Calgary, Canada.
FAU - Nausheen, S
AU  - Nausheen S
AD  - Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alberta, 
      Calgary, Canada.
FAU - Chelikani, P K
AU  - Chelikani PK
AD  - 1] Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 
      Alberta, Calgary, Canada [2] Gastrointestinal Research Group, Calvin, Phoebe and 
      Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Alberta, 
      Calgary, Canada.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20131029
PL  - England
TA  - Int J Obes (Lond)
JT  - International journal of obesity (2005)
JID - 101256108
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Blood Glucose)
RN  - 0 (Gastrointestinal Hormones)
RN  - 0 (Glucose Transporter Type 4)
RN  - 0 (Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Irs1 protein, rat)
RN  - 0 (Leptin)
RN  - 0 (Slc2a4 protein, rat)
RN  - 106388-42-5 (Peptide YY)
RN  - 89750-14-1 (Glucagon-Like Peptide 1)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.31 (AMP-Activated Protein Kinases)
SB  - IM
MH  - AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
MH  - Animals
MH  - Biomarkers/metabolism
MH  - Blood Glucose/metabolism
MH  - Eating
MH  - *Gastrectomy
MH  - Gastrointestinal Hormones/*metabolism
MH  - Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/metabolism
MH  - Glucose Tolerance Test
MH  - Glucose Transporter Type 4/metabolism
MH  - Homeostasis
MH  - Ileum/metabolism/*surgery
MH  - Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Intestinal Mucosa/*metabolism
MH  - Leptin/metabolism
MH  - Male
MH  - Muscle, Skeletal/*metabolism
MH  - Peptide YY/metabolism
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - *Weight Loss
EDAT- 2013/10/30 06:00
MHDA- 2014/12/15 06:00
CRDT- 2013/10/30 06:00
PHST- 2013/07/25 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/09/23 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2013/10/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/10/30 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/10/30 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/12/15 06:00 [medline]
AID - ijo2013201 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/ijo.2013.201 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Int J Obes (Lond). 2014 Mar;38(3):379-87. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2013.201. Epub 2013 
      Oct 29.