PMID- 24189034
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140908
LR  - 20131230
IS  - 1872-7573 (Electronic)
IS  - 0378-8741 (Linking)
VI  - 151
IP  - 1
DP  - 2014
TI  - Evaluation of acute toxicity, antibacterial activity, and mode of action of the 
      hydroethanolic extract of Piper umbellatum L.
PG  - 137-43
LID - S0378-8741(13)00718-6 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.jep.2013.10.011 [doi]
AB  - ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Piper umbellatum L., Piperaceae, is a shrub that 
      grows up to 3m high. It is commonly known as "capeba" or "pariparoba" in Brazil. 
      Tea prepared using the leaves of this plant is employed in the treatment of 
      infections and inflammatory processes in different countries. Approximately 50 
      compounds, notably from the flavonoid, alkaloid, terpene, and sterol classes, 
      have been isolated from the leaves of Piper umbellatum. To evaluate the acute 
      toxicity, antibacterial activity, and mode of action of the hydroethanolic 
      extract of Piper umbellatum leaves (HEPu). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Acute toxicity 
      of HEPu against CHO-K1 cells was evaluated using a cytotoxicity assay with Alamar 
      Blue and that against mice was assessed by the Hippocratic test. Antibacterial 
      activity of HEPu was tested using the broth microdilution method using a panel of 
      clinically relevant bacteria, and the effects of HEPu on the bacterial membrane 
      were analyzed in detail. A preliminary phytochemical analysis based on 
      coloration/precipitation was performed according to procedure described in the 
      literature. Secondary metabolites detected were analyzed and confirmed by thin 
      layer chromatography (TLC), spectrophotometry, and high performance liquid 
      chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS: Piper umbellatum did not appear to be toxic in 
      the in vitro (IC50>200 microg/mL) cytotoxicity test. When administered in vivo at 
      doses up to 2000 mg/kg p.o., HEPu did not cause any signs or symptoms of toxicity 
      in mice. It demonstrated a good spectrum of antibacterial activity and its mode 
      of action appeared to be associated with changes in the permeability of bacterial 
      membranes; it led to increased entry of hydrophobic antibiotics, efflux of K(+), 
      and nucleotide leakage. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence 
      of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenes, and sterols in the extract. 
      Spectrophotometric and HPLC analysis revealed the presence of the flavonoids 
      rutin and quercetin. CONCLUSION: In summary, HEPu has antibacterial activity and 
      low acute toxicity in vitro and in vivo. Its mode of action appears to be 
      associated with changes in the permeability of the bacterial cell wall and 
      cytoplasmic membrane, which can at least be partly attributed to the flavonoids 
      present in the extract.
CI  - (c) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - da Silva, Ibere Ferreira Jr
AU  - da Silva IF Jr
AD  - Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University 
      of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, no. 2367, Coxipo, Cuiaba, 
      Mato Grosso 78060-900, Brazil.
FAU - de Oliveira, Ruberlei Godinho
AU  - de Oliveira RG
AD  - Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University 
      of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, no. 2367, Coxipo, Cuiaba, 
      Mato Grosso 78060-900, Brazil.
FAU - Mendes Soares, Ilsamar
AU  - Mendes Soares I
AD  - Federal University of Tocantins, Faculty of Food Engineering, Agroenergy 
      Undergraduate Program, Av. NS 15, Block number III, 26 Room, Palmas, Tocantins 
      77020-210, Brazil.
FAU - da Costa Alvim, Tarso
AU  - da Costa Alvim T
AD  - Federal University of Tocantins, Faculty of Food Engineering, Agroenergy 
      Undergraduate Program, Av. NS 15, Block number III, 26 Room, Palmas, Tocantins 
      77020-210, Brazil.
FAU - Donizeti Ascencio, Sergio
AU  - Donizeti Ascencio S
AD  - Federal University of Tocantins, Faculty of Food Engineering, Agroenergy 
      Undergraduate Program, Av. NS 15, Block number III, 26 Room, Palmas, Tocantins 
      77020-210, Brazil; Federal University of Tocantins, Faculty of Medicine, Av. 
      NS15, BALA Block, 11 C Room, Palmas, Tocantins 77020-210, Brazil.
FAU - de Oliveira Martins, Domingos Tabajara
AU  - de Oliveira Martins DT
AD  - Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University 
      of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, no. 2367, Coxipo, Cuiaba, 
      Mato Grosso 78060-900, Brazil.. Electronic address: domingos.tabajara@pq.cnpq.br.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20131101
PL  - Ireland
TA  - J Ethnopharmacol
JT  - Journal of ethnopharmacology
JID - 7903310
RN  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
RN  - 0 (Plant Extracts)
RN  - 059QF0KO0R (Water)
RN  - 3K9958V90M (Ethanol)
RN  - RWP5GA015D (Potassium)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry/*pharmacology
MH  - Bacteria/drug effects
MH  - CHO Cells
MH  - Cricetinae
MH  - Cricetulus
MH  - Ethanol
MH  - Male
MH  - Mice
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - Piper/*chemistry
MH  - Plant Extracts/chemistry/*pharmacology/*toxicity
MH  - Potassium/metabolism
MH  - Water
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Antibacterial activity
OT  - Flavonoids
OT  - Hydroethanolic extract
OT  - Mode of action
OT  - Piper umbellatum
EDAT- 2013/11/06 06:00
MHDA- 2014/09/10 06:00
CRDT- 2013/11/06 06:00
PHST- 2013/05/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/09/05 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2013/10/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/11/06 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/11/06 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/09/10 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0378-8741(13)00718-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jep.2013.10.011 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Ethnopharmacol. 2014;151(1):137-43. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.10.011. Epub 2013 
      Nov 1.