PMID- 24204157
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140617
LR  - 20220408
IS  - 1178-2048 (Electronic)
IS  - 1176-6344 (Print)
IS  - 1176-6344 (Linking)
VI  - 9
DP  - 2013
TI  - Linagliptin as add-on therapy to insulin for patients with type 2 diabetes.
PG  - 681-94
LID - 10.2147/VHRM.S40035 [doi]
AB  - Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a highly prevalent, progressive disease that 
      often is poorly controlled. The combination of an incretin-based therapy and 
      insulin is a promising approach to optimize the management of glycemic control 
      without hypoglycemia and weight gain. Linagliptin, a recently approved oral 
      dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, has a unique pharmacological profile. The 
      convenient, once-daily dosing does not need adjustment in patients with hepatic 
      and/or renal impairment. In clinical studies linagliptin shows an important 
      reduction of blood glucose with an overall safety profile similar to that of 
      placebo. So far, the combination of linagliptin and insulin has been tested in 
      three major clinical studies in different populations. It has been shown that 
      linagliptin is an effective and safe add-on therapy to insulin in patients with 
      T2DM. The efficacy and safety of this combination was also shown in vulnerable, 
      elderly T2DM patients and in patients with T2DM and renal impairment. Favorable 
      effects regarding the counteraction of hypoglycemia make linagliptin especially 
      interesting as an add-on therapy to insulin. This review aims to present the 
      existing clinical studies on the efficacy and safety of linagliptin as add-on 
      therapy to insulin in patients with T2DM in the context of current literature. 
      Additionally, the possible advantages of linagliptin as an add-on therapy to 
      insulin in relation to cardiovascular safety, patient-centered therapy and the 
      prevention of hypoglycemia, are discussed.
FAU - von Websky, Karoline
AU  - von Websky K
AD  - Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Rehbrucke, 
      Germany.
FAU - Reichetzeder, Christoph
AU  - Reichetzeder C
FAU - Hocher, Berthold
AU  - Hocher B
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20131101
PL  - New Zealand
TA  - Vasc Health Risk Manag
JT  - Vascular health and risk management
JID - 101273479
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Blood Glucose)
RN  - 0 (Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors)
RN  - 0 (Hypoglycemic Agents)
RN  - 0 (Insulin)
RN  - 0 (Purines)
RN  - 0 (Quinazolines)
RN  - 3X29ZEJ4R2 (Linagliptin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Biomarkers/blood
MH  - Blood Glucose/*drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood/diagnosis/*drug therapy
MH  - Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors/adverse effects/*therapeutic use
MH  - Drug Therapy, Combination
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypoglycemic Agents/adverse effects/*therapeutic use
MH  - Insulin/adverse effects/*therapeutic use
MH  - Linagliptin
MH  - Patient Selection
MH  - Purines/adverse effects/*therapeutic use
MH  - Quinazolines/adverse effects/*therapeutic use
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Treatment Outcome
PMC - PMC3818026
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - dipeptidyl peptidase-4
OT  - glucagon like peptide-1
OT  - glycemic control
OT  - hypoglycemia
OT  - incretin
OT  - renal impairment
EDAT- 2013/11/10 06:00
MHDA- 2014/06/18 06:00
PMCR- 2013/11/01
CRDT- 2013/11/09 06:00
PHST- 2013/11/09 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/11/10 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/06/18 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2013/11/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - vhrm-9-681 [pii]
AID - 10.2147/VHRM.S40035 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2013;9:681-94. doi: 10.2147/VHRM.S40035. Epub 2013 Nov 1.