PMID- 24223956
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140818
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 8
IP  - 11
DP  - 2013
TI  - Cryptic genetic diversity is paramount in small-bodied amphibians of the genus 
      Euparkerella (Anura: Craugastoridae) endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic forest.
PG  - e79504
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0079504 [doi]
LID - e79504
AB  - Morphological similarity associated to restricted distributions and low dispersal 
      abilities make the direct developing "Terrarana" frogs of the genus Euparkerella 
      a good model for examining diversification processes. We here infer phylogenetic 
      relationships within the genus Euparkerella, using DNA sequence data from one 
      mitochondrial and four nuclear genes coupled with traditional Bayesian 
      phylogenetic reconstruction approaches and more recent coalescent methods of 
      species tree inference. We also used Bayesian clustering analysis and a recent 
      Bayesian coalescent-based approach specifically to infer species delimitation. 
      The analysis of 39 individuals from the four known Euparkerella species uncovered 
      high levels of genetic diversity, especially within the two previously 
      morphologically-defined E. cochranae and E. brasiliensis. Within these species, 
      the gene trees at five independent loci and trees from combined data 
      (concatenated dataset and the species tree) uncovered six deeply diverged and 
      geographically coherent evolutionary units, which may have diverged between the 
      Miocene and the Pleistocene. These six units were also uncovered in the Bayesian 
      clustering analysis, and supported by the Bayesian coalescent-based species 
      delimitation (BPP), and Genealogical Sorting Index (GSI), providing thus strong 
      evidence for underestimation of the current levels of diversity within 
      Euparkerella. The cryptic diversity now uncovered opens new opportunities to 
      examine the origins and maintenance of microendemism in the context of spatial 
      heterogeneity and/or human induced fragmentation of the highly threatened 
      Brazilian Atlantic forest hotspot.
FAU - Fusinatto, Luciana A
AU  - Fusinatto LA
AD  - Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, 
      Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
FAU - Alexandrino, Joao
AU  - Alexandrino J
FAU - Haddad, Celio F B
AU  - Haddad CF
FAU - Brunes, Tuliana O
AU  - Brunes TO
FAU - Rocha, Carlos F D
AU  - Rocha CF
FAU - Sequeira, Fernando
AU  - Sequeira F
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20131101
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (DNA, Mitochondrial)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Anura/*genetics
MH  - Bayes Theorem
MH  - Brazil
MH  - Cluster Analysis
MH  - DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics
MH  - *Evolution, Molecular
MH  - *Genetic Variation
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
MH  - *Trees
PMC - PMC3815154
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2013/11/14 06:00
MHDA- 2014/08/19 06:00
PMCR- 2013/11/01
CRDT- 2013/11/14 06:00
PHST- 2013/06/17 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/09/22 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/11/14 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/11/14 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/08/19 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2013/11/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-13-25237 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0079504 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2013 Nov 1;8(11):e79504. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079504. eCollection 
      2013.