PMID- 24233244
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140925
LR  - 20220410
IS  - 1439-6327 (Electronic)
IS  - 1439-6319 (Linking)
VI  - 114
IP  - 2
DP  - 2014 Feb
TI  - The effects of aerobic exercise training at two different intensities in obesity 
      and type 2 diabetes: implications for oxidative stress, low-grade inflammation 
      and nitric oxide production.
PG  - 251-60
AB  - AIMS: To investigate the effect of 16 weeks of aerobic training performed at two 
      different intensities on nitric oxide (tNOx) availability and iNOS/nNOS 
      expression, oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation in obese humans with or 
      without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: Twenty-five sedentary, obese 
      (BMI > 30 kg/m2) males (52.8 +/- 7.2 years); 12 controls versus 13 T2DM were 
      randomly allocated to four groups that exercised for 30 min, three times per week 
      either at low (Fat-Max; 30-40% VO(2max)) or moderate (T(vent); 55-65 % VO(2max)) 
      intensity. Before and after training, blood and muscle samples (v. lateralis) 
      were collected. RESULTS: Baseline erythrocyte glutathione was lower (21.8 +/- 2.8 
      vs. 32.7 +/- 4.4 nmol/ml) and plasma protein oxidative damage and IL-6 were higher 
      in T2DM (141.7 +/- 52.1 vs. 75.5 +/- 41.6 nmol/ml). Plasma catalase increased in T2DM 
      after T(vent) training (from 0.98 +/- 0.22 to 1.96 +/- 0.3 nmol/min/ml). T2DM groups 
      demonstrated evidence of oxidative damage in response to training (elevated 
      protein carbonyls). Baseline serum tNOx were higher in controls than T2DM (18.68 
      +/- 2.78 vs. 12.34 +/- 3.56 mumol/l). Training at T(vent) increased muscle nNOS and 
      tNOx in the control group only. Pre-training muscle nNOS was higher in controls 
      than in T2DMs, while the opposite was found for iNOS. No differences were found 
      after training for plasma inflammatory markers. CONCLUSION: Exercise training did 
      not change body composition or aerobic fitness, but improved OS markers, 
      especially when performed at T(vent). Non-diabetics responded to T(vent) training 
      by increasing muscle nNOS expression and tNOx levels in skeletal muscle while 
      these parameters did not change in T2DM, perhaps due to higher insulin resistance 
      (unchanged after intervention).
FAU - Krause, Mauricio
AU  - Krause M
FAU - Rodrigues-Krause, Josianne
AU  - Rodrigues-Krause J
FAU - O'Hagan, Ciara
AU  - O'Hagan C
FAU - Medlow, Paul
AU  - Medlow P
FAU - Davison, Gareth
AU  - Davison G
FAU - Susta, Davide
AU  - Susta D
FAU - Boreham, Colin
AU  - Boreham C
FAU - Newsholme, Philip
AU  - Newsholme P
FAU - O'Donnell, Mark
AU  - O'Donnell M
FAU - Murphy, Colin
AU  - Murphy C
FAU - De Vito, Giuseppe
AU  - De Vito G
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - Germany
TA  - Eur J Appl Physiol
JT  - European journal of applied physiology
JID - 100954790
RN  - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide)
RN  - EC 1.14.13.39 (Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I)
RN  - EC 1.14.13.39 (Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III)
SB  - IM
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood/metabolism/*physiopathology
MH  - *Exercise
MH  - Humans
MH  - Inflammation/blood/metabolism/physiopathology
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
MH  - Nitric Oxide/*metabolism
MH  - Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I/blood/metabolism
MH  - Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/blood/metabolism
MH  - Obesity/blood/metabolism/*physiopathology
MH  - *Oxidative Stress
EDAT- 2013/11/16 06:00
MHDA- 2014/09/26 06:00
CRDT- 2013/11/16 06:00
PHST- 2013/07/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/10/30 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/11/16 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/11/16 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/09/26 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1007/s00421-013-2769-6 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Eur J Appl Physiol. 2014 Feb;114(2):251-60. doi: 10.1007/s00421-013-2769-6.