PMID- 24246563
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150105
LR  - 20240322
IS  - 1552-681X (Electronic)
IS  - 0272-989X (Print)
IS  - 0272-989X (Linking)
VI  - 34
IP  - 4
DP  - 2014 May
TI  - Numbers matter to informed patient choices: a randomized design across age and 
      numeracy levels.
PG  - 430-42
LID - 10.1177/0272989X13511705 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: How drug adverse events (AEs) are communicated in the United States 
      may mislead consumers and result in low adherence. Requiring written information 
      to include numeric AE-likelihood information might lessen these effects, but 
      providing numbers may disadvantage less skilled populations. The objective was to 
      determine risk comprehension and willingness to use a medication when presented 
      with numeric or nonnumeric AE-likelihood information across age, numeracy, and 
      cholesterol-lowering drug-use groups. METHODS: In a cross-sectional Internet 
      survey (N = 905; American Life Panel, 15 May 2008 to 18 June 2008), respondents 
      were presented with a hypothetical prescription medication for high cholesterol. 
      AE likelihoods were described using 1 of 6 formats (nonnumeric: consumer 
      medication information (CMI)-like list, risk labels; numeric: percentage, 
      frequency, risk labels + percentage, risk labels + frequency). Main outcome 
      measures were risk comprehension (recoded to indicate presence/absence of risk 
      overestimation and underestimation), willingness to use the medication (7-point 
      scale; not likely = 0, very likely = 6), and main reason for willingness (chosen 
      from 8 predefined reasons). RESULTS: Individuals given nonnumeric information 
      were more likely to overestimate risk, were less willing to take the medication, 
      and gave different reasons than those provided numeric information across 
      numeracy and age groups (e.g., among the less numerate, 69% and 18% overestimated 
      risks in nonnumeric and numeric formats, respectively; among the more numerate, 
      these same proportions were 66% and 6%). Less numerate middle-aged and older 
      adults, however, showed less influence of numeric format on willingness to take 
      the medication. It is unclear whether differences are clinically meaningful, 
      although some differences are large. CONCLUSIONS: Providing numeric AE-likelihood 
      information (compared with nonnumeric) is likely to increase risk comprehension 
      across numeracy and age levels. Its effects on uptake and adherence of prescribed 
      drugs should be similar across the population, except perhaps in older, less 
      numerate individuals.
FAU - Peters, Ellen
AU  - Peters E
AD  - Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (EP, MT).
FAU - Hart, P Sol
AU  - Hart PS
AD  - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (PSH)
FAU - Tusler, Martin
AU  - Tusler M
AD  - Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (EP, MT).
FAU - Fraenkel, Liana
AU  - Fraenkel L
AD  - Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (LF)
LA  - eng
GR  - K24 AR060231-01/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P30AG024962/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - K24 AR060231/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P30 AG024962/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 AG020717/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01AG20717/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
DEP - 20131118
PL  - United States
TA  - Med Decis Making
JT  - Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical 
      Decision Making
JID - 8109073
RN  - 0 (Hypolipidemic Agents)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Age Factors
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - *Choice Behavior
MH  - Communication
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypercholesterolemia/*drug therapy
MH  - Hypolipidemic Agents/*adverse effects/therapeutic use
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - *Patient Participation
MH  - Risk Assessment
MH  - United States
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC3991753
MID - NIHMS532383
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - adherence
OT  - aging
OT  - informed decision making
OT  - numeracy
OT  - pharmaceutical decision making
OT  - risk communication
OT  - risk comprehension
OT  - statins
EDAT- 2013/11/20 06:00
MHDA- 2015/01/06 06:00
PMCR- 2015/05/01
CRDT- 2013/11/20 06:00
PHST- 2013/11/20 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/11/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/01/06 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2015/05/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 0272989X13511705 [pii]
AID - 10.1177/0272989X13511705 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Med Decis Making. 2014 May;34(4):430-42. doi: 10.1177/0272989X13511705. Epub 2013 
      Nov 18.