PMID- 24254958
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20141210
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1520-6394 (Electronic)
IS  - 1091-4269 (Print)
IS  - 1091-4269 (Linking)
VI  - 31
IP  - 4
DP  - 2014 Apr
TI  - From the neurobiology of extinction to improved clinical treatments.
PG  - 279-90
LID - 10.1002/da.22214 [doi]
AB  - The neural circuitry underlying the fear response is extremely well conserved 
      across mammalian species, which has allowed for the rapid translation of research 
      findings in rodent models of fear to therapeutic interventions in human 
      populations. Many aspects of exposure-based psychotherapy treatments in humans, 
      which are widely used in the treatment of PTSD, panic disorder, phobias, and 
      other anxiety disorders, are closely paralleled by extinction training in rodent 
      fear conditioning models. Here, we discuss how the neural circuitry of fear 
      learning and extinction in rodent animal models may be used to understand the 
      underlying neural circuitry of fear-related disorders, such as PTSD in humans. We 
      examine the factors that contribute to the pathology and development of PTSD. 
      Next, we will review how fear is measured in animal models using classical 
      Pavlovian fear conditioning paradigms, as well as brain regions such as the 
      amygdala, which are involved in the fear response across species. Finally, we 
      highlight the following three systems involved in the extinction of fear, all of 
      which represent promising avenues for therapeutic interventions in the clinic: 
      (1) the role of the glutamatergic N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, (2) the 
      role of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) 
      induced signaling pathway, and (3) the role of the renin-angiotensin system. The 
      modulation of pathways underlying fear learning and extinction, such as the ones 
      presented in this review, in combination with extinction-based exposure therapy, 
      represents promising avenues for therapeutic intervention in the treatment of 
      human fear related disorders.
CI  - (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
FAU - Morrison, Filomene G
AU  - Morrison FG
AD  - Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of 
      Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, 
      Georgia.
FAU - Ressler, Kerry J
AU  - Ressler KJ
LA  - eng
GR  - R01MH071537/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 MH071537/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P51 OD011132/OD/NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 MH096764/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P51 RR000165/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States
GR  - F31 MH105237/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P51RR000165/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01MH096764/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20131120
PL  - United States
TA  - Depress Anxiety
JT  - Depression and anxiety
JID - 9708816
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate)
RN  - EC 2.7.10.1 (Protein-Tyrosine Kinases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amygdala/metabolism/physiopathology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Biomarkers/metabolism
MH  - Brain/*metabolism/*physiopathology
MH  - Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism
MH  - Conditioning, Classical/physiology
MH  - Extinction, Psychological/*physiology
MH  - Fear/physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Memory/physiology
MH  - Neurobiology/*methods/trends
MH  - Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
MH  - Rats
MH  - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism
MH  - Renin-Angiotensin System/physiology
MH  - Signal Transduction/physiology
MH  - Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/*mortality/*physiopathology
PMC - PMC4293038
MID - NIHMS653453
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - PTSD
OT  - amygdala
OT  - biomarkers
OT  - consolidation
OT  - extinction
OT  - fear memory
EDAT- 2013/11/21 06:00
MHDA- 2014/12/15 06:00
PMCR- 2015/01/13
CRDT- 2013/11/21 06:00
PHST- 2013/09/16 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/10/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/11/21 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/11/21 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/12/15 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2015/01/13 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1002/da.22214 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Depress Anxiety. 2014 Apr;31(4):279-90. doi: 10.1002/da.22214. Epub 2013 Nov 20.