PMID- 24268426
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140801
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1879-1514 (Electronic)
IS  - 0166-445X (Linking)
VI  - 153
DP  - 2014 Aug
TI  - Precision-cut liver slices of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua): an in vitro system for 
      studying the effects of environmental contaminants.
PG  - 110-5
LID - S0166-445X(13)00297-X [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.10.027 [doi]
AB  - The Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) is an economically important species commonly 
      consumed by humans. The widespread distribution of cod in the North Atlantic 
      Ocean makes it vulnerable to effluents from human activities, such as coastal 
      industries and offshore petroleum exploration. It has been demonstrated that many 
      effluents have adverse effects on cod reproduction and health, e.g. by disrupting 
      endocrine signaling pathways. The liver, expressing important components of the 
      biotransformation and the endocrine system, is one of the main target organs. 
      Thus, reliable and reproducible in vitro systems of the liver are important for 
      studying effects of environmental contaminants. The aim of this study was to 
      investigate precision-cut liver slices (PCLS) as an alternative in vitro system 
      for toxicological studies of the Atlantic cod liver. Slices of 8 mm in diameter 
      and 250 mum thickness were prepared and cultivated from immature cod. Several 
      analyses to measure the liver slice viability were performed: enzyme assays, 
      histology, and morphometric analysis, all confirming cell viability for up to 72 
      h in culture. The liver slices were also exposed to two well-known model 
      environmental contaminants, beta-naphthoflavone (BNF) and 17alpha-ethynylestradiol 
      (EE2), representing established agonists for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) 
      and the estrogen receptor (ER), respectively. The results showed increased 
      transcription of the target genes cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) and vitellogenin 
      (VTG), both well-established biomarkers for exposure of fish to the selected 
      compounds. In conclusion, PCLS is a promising in vitro system for toxicological 
      studies of cod liver cells. The liver slices are viable in culture for several 
      days and respond to environmental contaminants in a dose- and time-specific 
      manner.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Eide, M
AU  - Eide M
AD  - Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Electronic address: 
      marta.eide@bio.uib.no.
FAU - Karlsen, O A
AU  - Karlsen OA
AD  - Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
FAU - Kryvi, H
AU  - Kryvi H
AD  - Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
FAU - Olsvik, P A
AU  - Olsvik PA
AD  - National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway.
FAU - Goksoyr, A
AU  - Goksoyr A
AD  - Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20131102
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Aquat Toxicol
JT  - Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
JID - 8500246
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Vitellogenins)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - 423D2T571U (Ethinyl Estradiol)
RN  - 6051-87-2 (beta-Naphthoflavone)
RN  - EC 1.14.14.1 (Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Biomarkers/metabolism
MH  - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1/genetics
MH  - Ethinyl Estradiol/toxicity
MH  - *Gadus morhua
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
MH  - Liver/*cytology/drug effects
MH  - Organ Culture Techniques
MH  - Toxicity Tests/*methods
MH  - Vitellogenins/genetics
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity
MH  - beta-Naphthoflavone/toxicity
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Atlantic cod
OT  - CYP1A
OT  - Hepatocytes
OT  - In vitro
OT  - Liver slices
OT  - Vitellogenin
EDAT- 2013/11/26 06:00
MHDA- 2014/08/02 06:00
CRDT- 2013/11/26 06:00
PHST- 2013/06/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/10/17 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2013/10/27 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/11/26 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/11/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/08/02 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0166-445X(13)00297-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.10.027 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Aquat Toxicol. 2014 Aug;153:110-5. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.10.027. Epub 2013 
      Nov 2.