PMID- 24274357
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160219
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1751-7893 (Electronic)
IS  - 1751-7885 (Print)
IS  - 1751-7885 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 3
DP  - 2015 Jun
TI  - Reasons for cannabis use among youths at ultra high risk for psychosis.
PG  - 207-10
LID - 10.1111/eip.12112 [doi]
AB  - AIM: Cannabis use is prevalent in schizophrenia and its risk states, despite its 
      association with anxiety and positive symptoms. While schizophrenia patients 
      report using cannabis for mood enhancement and social motives, it is not known 
      what motivates clinical high risk (CHR) patients to use cannabis. METHODS: Among 
      102 CHR patients, 24 (23%) endorsed cannabis use, and were queried as to reasons 
      for use, using a scale previously administered in schizophrenia patients. We 
      hypothesized a primary motivation for mood enhancement related to anhedonia. We 
      evaluated the 'self-medication' hypothesis by examining if motivation for symptom 
      relief was associated with concurrent severity of symptoms. RESULTS: The rank 
      order of reasons for use in CHR patients was similar to that previously reported 
      by schizophrenia patients, with mood enhancement and social motives as primary 
      reasons for use, and the motivation to use cannabis for symptom relief 
      comparatively less common. Motivation for mood enhancement had a trend 
      association with anhedonia. Motivation for symptom relief was entirely unrelated 
      to concurrent severity of positive and anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSION: As in 
      schizophrenia, CHR patients primarily use cannabis for mood enhancement, 
      especially in the context of decreased motivation to seek pleasure otherwise. 
      Negative symptoms may drive cannabis use in schizophrenia and its risk states, 
      which may exacerbate positive symptoms. By contrast, CHR patients do not report 
      using cannabis to 'self-medicate' emergent positive symptoms. The understanding 
      of motives for cannabis use among CHR patients may be informative for treatments 
      aimed at reducing use, such as motivational interviewing.
CI  - (c) 2013 Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.
FAU - Gill, Kelly E
AU  - Gill KE
AD  - Columbia University, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric 
      Institute, New York, New York, USA.
FAU - Poe, Lucy
AU  - Poe L
FAU - Azimov, Neyra
AU  - Azimov N
FAU - Ben-David, Shelly
AU  - Ben-David S
FAU - Vadhan, Nehal P
AU  - Vadhan NP
FAU - Girgis, Ragy
AU  - Girgis R
FAU - Moore, Holly
AU  - Moore H
FAU - Cressman, Victoria
AU  - Cressman V
FAU - Corcoran, Cheryl M
AU  - Corcoran CM
LA  - eng
GR  - K23MH066279/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - UL1 RR024156/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States
GR  - K23 MH066279/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - KL2 TR001874/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - RC1 MH088740/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - UL1 TR000040/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R21 MH086125/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R21MH086125-02/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01093398-02/PHS HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20131126
PL  - Australia
TA  - Early Interv Psychiatry
JT  - Early intervention in psychiatry
JID - 101320027
SB  - IM
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Marijuana Smoking/*psychology
MH  - *Motivation
MH  - Prodromal Symptoms
MH  - Psychotic Disorders/*psychology
MH  - Risk
MH  - Self Medication/*psychology
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC4033707
MID - NIHMS542497
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - anhedonia
OT  - cannabis
OT  - motivation
OT  - prodromal
OT  - psychosis
OT  - schizophrenia
EDAT- 2013/11/28 06:00
MHDA- 2016/02/20 06:00
PMCR- 2016/06/01
CRDT- 2013/11/27 06:00
PHST- 2013/07/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/10/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/11/27 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/11/28 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/02/20 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/06/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1111/eip.12112 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Early Interv Psychiatry. 2015 Jun;9(3):207-10. doi: 10.1111/eip.12112. Epub 2013 
      Nov 26.