PMID- 24291254
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140310
LR  - 20140421
IS  - 1090-2430 (Electronic)
IS  - 0014-4886 (Linking)
VI  - 252
DP  - 2014 Feb
TI  - Plasticity beyond peri-infarct cortex: spinal up regulation of structural 
      plasticity, neurotrophins, and inflammatory cytokines during recovery from 
      cortical stroke.
PG  - 47-56
LID - S0014-4886(13)00350-6 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.11.019 [doi]
AB  - Stroke induces pathophysiological and adaptive processes in regions proximal and 
      distal to the infarct. Recent studies suggest that plasticity at the level of the 
      spinal cord may contribute to sensorimotor recovery after cortical stroke. Here, 
      we compare the time course of heightened structural plasticity in the spinal cord 
      against the temporal profile of cortical plasticity and spontaneous behavioral 
      recovery. To examine the relation between trophic and inflammatory effectors and 
      spinal structural plasticity, spinal expression of brain derived neurotrophic 
      factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and 
      interleukin-6 (IL-6) was measured. Growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43), 
      measured at 3, 7, 14, or 28 days after photothrombotic stroke of the forelimb 
      sensorimotor cortex (FL-SMC) to provide an index of periods of heightened 
      structural plasticity, varied as a function of lesion size and time after stroke 
      in the cortical hemispheres and the spinal cord. Notably, GAP-43 levels in the 
      cervical spinal cord were significantly increased after FL-SMC lesion, but the 
      temporal window of elevated structural plasticity was more finite in spinal cord 
      relative to ipsilesional cortical expression (returning to baseline levels by 28 
      post-stroke). Peak GAP-43 expression in spinal cord occurred during periods of 
      accelerated spontaneous recovery, as measured on the Montoya Staircase reaching 
      task, and returned to baseline as recovery plateaued. Interestingly, spinal 
      GAP-43 levels were significantly correlated with spinal levels of the 
      inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-6 as well as the neurotrophin NT-3, while a 
      transient increase in BDNF levels preceded elevated GAP-43 expression. These data 
      identify a significant but time-limited window of heightened structural 
      plasticity in the spinal cord following stroke that correlates with spontaneous 
      recovery and the spinal expression of inflammatory cytokines and neurotrophic 
      factors.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Sist, Bernice
AU  - Sist B
AD  - Centre for Neuroscience, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, 
      Canada; Neurochemical Research Unit, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 
      2R3, Canada. Electronic address: sist@ualberta.ca.
FAU - Fouad, Karim
AU  - Fouad K
AD  - Centre for Neuroscience, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, 
      Canada; Faculty of Rehabilitative Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, 
      Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada. Electronic address: karim.fouad@ualberta.ca.
FAU - Winship, Ian R
AU  - Winship IR
AD  - Centre for Neuroscience, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, 
      Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 
      2R3, Canada; Neurochemical Research Unit, University of Alberta, Edmonton, 
      Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada. Electronic address: iwinship@ualberta.ca.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20131126
PL  - United States
TA  - Exp Neurol
JT  - Experimental neurology
JID - 0370712
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (GAP-43 Protein)
RN  - 0 (Nerve Growth Factors)
SB  - IM
CIN - Exp Neurol. 2014 Apr;254:195-9. PMID: 24518486
MH  - Analysis of Variance
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cytokines/*metabolism
MH  - Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
MH  - Functional Laterality
MH  - GAP-43 Protein/metabolism
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
MH  - Intracranial Thrombosis/complications
MH  - Laser Capture Microdissection
MH  - Male
MH  - Nerve Growth Factors/*metabolism
MH  - Neuronal Plasticity/*physiology
MH  - Photic Stimulation/adverse effects
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - Recovery of Function/*physiology
MH  - Spinal Cord/metabolism/*pathology
MH  - Stroke/etiology/metabolism/*pathology
MH  - Time Factors
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - BDNF
OT  - CC
OT  - CSC
OT  - FL-SMC
OT  - GAP-43
OT  - IC
OT  - IL-6
OT  - Inflammation
OT  - Ischemia
OT  - LSC
OT  - NT-3
OT  - Neurotrophins
OT  - Plasticity
OT  - Sensorimotor cortex
OT  - Spinal cord
OT  - TNF-alpha
OT  - TNF-alpha
OT  - brain derived neurotrophic factor
OT  - cervical spinal cord
OT  - contralesional cortex
OT  - forelimb sensorimotor cortex
OT  - growth associated protein-43
OT  - interleukin 6
OT  - ipsilesional cortex
OT  - lumbar spinal cord
OT  - neurotrophin-3
OT  - tumor necrosis factor-alpha
EDAT- 2013/12/03 06:00
MHDA- 2014/03/13 06:00
CRDT- 2013/12/03 06:00
PHST- 2013/07/25 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/10/24 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2013/11/20 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/12/03 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/12/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/03/13 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0014-4886(13)00350-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.11.019 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Exp Neurol. 2014 Feb;252:47-56. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.11.019. Epub 2013 
      Nov 26.