PMID- 24312662
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150219
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 8
IP  - 12
DP  - 2013
TI  - Immunogenicity of individual vaccine components in a bivalent nicotine vaccine 
      differ according to vaccine formulation and administration conditions.
PG  - e82557
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0082557 [doi]
LID - e82557
AB  - Structurally distinct nicotine immunogens can elicit independent antibody 
      responses against nicotine when administered concurrently. Co-administering 
      different nicotine immunogens together as a multivalent vaccine could be a useful 
      way to generate higher antibody levels than with monovalent vaccines alone. The 
      immunogenicity and additivity of monovalent and bivalent nicotine vaccines was 
      studied across a range of immunogen doses, adjuvants, and routes to assess the 
      generality of this approach. Rats were vaccinated with total immunogen doses of 
      12.5-100 mug of 3'-aminomethyl nicotine conjugated to recombinant Pseudomonas 
      exoprotein A (3'-AmNic-rEPA), 6-carboxymethylureido nicotine conjugated to 
      keyhole limpet hemocyanin (6-CMUNic-KLH), or both. Vaccines were administered 
      s.c. in alum or i.p. in Freund's adjuvant at matched total immunogen doses. When 
      administered s.c. in alum, the contributions of the individual immunogens to 
      total nicotine-specific antibody (NicAb) titers and concentrations were preserved 
      across a range of doses. Antibody affinity for nicotine varied greatly among 
      individuals but was similar for monovalent and bivalent vaccines. However when 
      administered i.p. in Freund's adjuvant the contributions of the individual 
      immunogens to total NicAb titers and concentrations were compromised at some 
      doses. These results support the possibility of co-administering structurally 
      distinct nicotine immunogens to achieve a more robust immune response than can be 
      obtained with monovalent immunogens alone. Choice of adjuvant was important for 
      the preservation of immunogen component activity.
FAU - Cornish, Katherine E
AU  - Cornish KE
AD  - Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 
      United States of America ; Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, 
      Minnesota, United States of America.
FAU - de Villiers, Sabina H L
AU  - de Villiers SH
FAU - Pravetoni, Marco
AU  - Pravetoni M
FAU - Pentel, Paul R
AU  - Pentel PR
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 DA010714/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - T32 DA007097/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - DA07097/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - DA10714/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
DEP - 20131202
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (Adjuvants, Immunologic)
RN  - 0 (NicVAX)
RN  - 0 (Vaccines)
RN  - 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine)
RN  - 9013-72-3 (Hemocyanins)
RN  - FV4Y0JO2CX (keyhole-limpet hemocyanin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adjuvants, Immunologic
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antibody Formation/immunology
MH  - Hemocyanins/metabolism
MH  - Male
MH  - Nicotine/*immunology
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - Vaccines/immunology/metabolism
PMC - PMC3846984
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2013/12/07 06:00
MHDA- 2015/02/20 06:00
PMCR- 2013/12/02
CRDT- 2013/12/07 06:00
PHST- 2013/07/24 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/10/24 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/12/07 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/12/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/02/20 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2013/12/02 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-13-30595 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0082557 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2013 Dec 2;8(12):e82557. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082557. eCollection 
      2013.