PMID- 24327076
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20141013
LR  - 20160512
IS  - 1618-2650 (Electronic)
IS  - 1618-2642 (Linking)
VI  - 406
IP  - 3
DP  - 2014 Jan
TI  - Microbial communities analysis assessed by pyrosequencing--a new approach applied 
      to conservation state studies of mural paintings.
PG  - 887-95
LID - 10.1007/s00216-013-7516-7 [doi]
AB  - The knowledge about the microbial communities present in mural paintings is of 
      utmost importance to develop effective conservation and mitigation strategies. 
      The present paper describes a methodological approach for the detailed 
      characterisation of microorganisms thriving in mural paintings by combining 
      culture-dependent methods that allow the identification of microorganisms capable 
      of growing in the laboratory conditions and to obtain high cell densities for 
      further studies, and culture independent methods, such as denaturing gradient gel 
      electrophoresis (DGGE) and pyrosequencing. The coupled use of culture-dependent 
      methods and DGGE does not give enough information to investigate the diversity 
      and abundance of microorganisms present in wall paintings. Pyrosequencing, a 
      novel molecular technique, used here for the first time in this area of research, 
      allowed the identification of a large number of microorganisms, confirming some 
      already identified by the cultivation-dependent methods such as fungi of the 
      genera Penicillium and Cladosporium, but also providing a great contribution in 
      the identification of several genera and species, not previously identified in 
      these artworks, giving also a detailed overview of contaminants which was not 
      possible with the other approaches. The results obtained on several mural 
      painting samples show a strong relationship between the most deteriorated areas 
      of the paintings and higher microbial contamination.
FAU - Rosado, T
AU  - Rosado T
AD  - HERCULES Laboratory, Evora University, Largo Marques de Marialva 8, 7000-809, 
      Evora, Portugal.
FAU - Mirao, J
AU  - Mirao J
FAU - Candeias, A
AU  - Candeias A
FAU - Caldeira, A T
AU  - Caldeira AT
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20131212
PL  - Germany
TA  - Anal Bioanal Chem
JT  - Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry
JID - 101134327
RN  - 0 (Diphosphates)
SB  - IM
MH  - Bacterial Typing Techniques/*methods
MH  - Colony Count, Microbial
MH  - *DNA Contamination
MH  - Diphosphates/*chemistry
MH  - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
MH  - *Paintings
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA/*methods
EDAT- 2013/12/12 06:00
MHDA- 2014/10/14 06:00
CRDT- 2013/12/12 06:00
PHST- 2013/08/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/11/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/10/28 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2013/12/12 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/12/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/10/14 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1007/s00216-013-7516-7 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Anal Bioanal Chem. 2014 Jan;406(3):887-95. doi: 10.1007/s00216-013-7516-7. Epub 
      2013 Dec 12.