PMID- 24327088
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150511
LR  - 20161202
IS  - 1699-5848 (Electronic)
IS  - 0213-3911 (Linking)
VI  - 29
IP  - 5
DP  - 2014 May
TI  - Infection through structured polymicrobial Gardnerella biofilms (StPM-GB).
PG  - 567-87
LID - 10.14670/HH-29.10.567 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: We analysed data on bacterial vaginosis (BV) contradicting the 
      paradigm of mono-infection. METHODOLOGY: Tissues and epithelial cells of vagina, 
      uterus, fallopian tubes and perianal region were investigated using fluorescence 
      in situ hybridization (FISH) in women with BV and controls. RESULTS: Healthy 
      vagina was free of biofilms. Prolific structured polymicrobial (StPM) 
      Gardnerella-dominated biofilm characterised BV. The intact 
      StPM-Gardnerella-biofilm enveloped desquamated vaginal/prepuce epithelial cells 
      and was secreted with urine and sperma. The disease involved both genders and 
      occurred in pairs. Children born to women with BV were negative. Monotherapy with 
      metronidazole, moxifloxacin or local antiseptics suppressed but often did not 
      eradicate StPM-Gardnerella-biofilms. There was no BV without Gardnerella, but 
      Gardnerella was not BV. Outside of StPM-biofilm, Gardnerella was also found in a 
      subset of children and healthy adults, but was dispersed, temporal and did not 
      transform into StPM-Gardnerella-biofilm. CONCLUSIONS: StPM-Gardnerella-biofilm is 
      an infectious subject. The assembly of single players to StPM-Gardnerella-biofilm 
      is a not trivial every day process, but probably an evolutionary event with a 
      long history of growth, propagation and selection for viability and ability to 
      reshape the environment. The evolutionary memory is cemented in the structural 
      differentiation of StPM-Gardnerella-biofilms and imparts them to resist previous 
      and emerging challenges.
FAU - Swidsinski, Alexander
AU  - Swidsinski A
AD  - Charite Hospital, CCM, Laboratory for Molecular Genetics, Polymicrobial 
      Infections and Bacterial Biofilms and Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology, 
      Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Germany. alexander.swidsinski@charite.de.
FAU - Loening-Baucke, Vera
AU  - Loening-Baucke V
AD  - Charite Hospital, CCM, Laboratory for Molecular Genetics, Polymicrobial 
      Infections and Bacterial Biofilms and Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology, 
      Universitatsmedizin Berlin.
FAU - Mendling, Werner
AU  - Mendling W
AD  - Vivantes Kliniken fur Gynaekologie und Geburtshilfe, Am Urban and im 
      Friedrichshain, Berlin, Germany.
FAU - Dorffel, Yvonne
AU  - Dorffel Y
AD  - Outpatient Clinic, Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, CCM, Berlin, Germany.
FAU - Schilling, Johannes
AU  - Schilling J
AD  - Charite Hospital, CCM, Laboratory for Molecular Genetics, Polymicrobial 
      Infections and Bacterial Biofilms and Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology, 
      Universitatsmedizin Berlin.
FAU - Halwani, Zaher
AU  - Halwani Z
AD  - DRK Kliniken Berlin Westend, Klinik fur Gynaekologie und Geburtshilfe, Berlin.
FAU - Jiang, Xue-feng
AU  - Jiang XF
AD  - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the first affiliated hospital of Jinan 
      University, Guangzhou, China.
FAU - Verstraelen, Hans
AU  - Verstraelen H
AD  - Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, 
      Belgium.
FAU - Swidsinski, Sonja
AU  - Swidsinski S
AD  - Labor Berlin, Department of Microbiology, Berlin, Germany.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20131211
PL  - Spain
TA  - Histol Histopathol
JT  - Histology and histopathology
JID - 8609357
SB  - IM
MH  - Biofilms/drug effects/*growth & development
MH  - Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal/microbiology
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - Female
MH  - Gardnerella/drug effects/genetics/*pathogenicity
MH  - Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/drug therapy/*microbiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
MH  - Male
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Vagina/microbiology
MH  - Vaginosis, Bacterial/drug therapy/*microbiology
EDAT- 2013/12/12 06:00
MHDA- 2015/05/12 06:00
CRDT- 2013/12/12 06:00
PHST- 2013/12/12 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/12/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/05/12 06:00 [medline]
AID - HH-11-432 [pii]
AID - 10.14670/HH-29.10.567 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Histol Histopathol. 2014 May;29(5):567-87. doi: 10.14670/HH-29.10.567. Epub 2013 
      Dec 11.