PMID- 24331739
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150406
LR  - 20240323
IS  - 1488-2434 (Electronic)
IS  - 1180-4882 (Print)
IS  - 1180-4882 (Linking)
VI  - 39
IP  - 3
DP  - 2014 May
TI  - Neurotrophic factors in women with crack cocaine dependence during early 
      abstinence: the role of early life stress.
PG  - 206-14
AB  - BACKGROUND: Neurotrophic factors have been investigated in the pathophysiology of 
      alcohol and drug dependence and have been related to early life stress driving 
      developmental programming of neuroendocrine systems. METHODS: We conducted a 
      follow-up study that aimed to assess the plasma levels of glial cell line-derived 
      neurotrophic factor (GDNF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve 
      growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-3 (NT3) and neurotrophin-4/5 (NT4/5) in crack 
      users during 3 weeks of early abstinence in comparison with healthy controls. We 
      performed a comprehensive clinical assessment in female inpatients with crack 
      cocaine dependence (separated into 2 groups: participants with (CSA+) and without 
      (CSA-) a history of childhood sexual abuse) and a group of nonuser control 
      participants. RESULTS: Our sample included 104 women with crack cocaine 
      dependence and 22 controls; of the women who used crack cocaine, 22 had a history 
      of childhood sexual abuse and 82 did not. The GDNF plasma levels in the CSA+ 
      group increased dramatically during 3 weeks of detoxification. In contrast, those 
      in the CSA- group showed lower and stable levels of GDNF under the same 
      conditions. Compared with the control group, BDNF plasma levels remained elevated 
      and NGF levels were reduced during early abstinence. We found no differences in 
      NT3 and NT4/5 between the patients and controls. However, within-group analyses 
      showed that the CSA+ group exhibited higher levels of NT4/5 than the CSA- group 
      at the end of detoxification. LIMITATIONS: Some of the participants were using 
      neuroleptics, mood stabilizers or antidepressants; our sample included only 
      women; memory bias could not be controlled; and we did not investigate the 
      possible confounding effects of other forms of stress during childhood. 
      CONCLUSION: This study supports the association between early life stress and 
      peripheral neurotrophic factor levels in crack cocaine users. During early 
      abstinence, plasmastic GDNF and NT4/5 were the only factors to show changes 
      associated with a history of childhood sexual abuse.
FAU - Viola, Thiago W
AU  - Viola TW
AD  - Centre of Studies and Research in Traumatic Stress, Post-Graduate Program in 
      Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of the Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), 
      Porto Alegre, Brazil.
FAU - Tractenberg, Saulo G
AU  - Tractenberg SG
AD  - Centre of Studies and Research in Traumatic Stress, Post-Graduate Program in 
      Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of the Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), 
      Porto Alegre, Brazil.
FAU - Levandowski, Mateus Luz
AU  - Levandowski ML
AD  - Centre of Studies and Research in Traumatic Stress, Post-Graduate Program in 
      Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of the Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), 
      Porto Alegre, Brazil.
FAU - Pezzi, Julio Carlos
AU  - Pezzi JC
AD  - Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciencias da 
      Saude de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
FAU - Bauer, Moises Evandro
AU  - Bauer ME
AD  - Centre of Studies and Research in Traumatic Stress, Post-Graduate Program in 
      Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of the Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), 
      Porto Alegre, Brazil Laboratory of Immunosenescence, Institute of Biomedical 
      Research, Pontifical Catholic University of the Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto 
      Alegre, Brazil.
FAU - Teixeira, Antonio Lucio
AU  - Teixeira AL
AD  - Neuroscience Program, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, 
      Brazil.
FAU - Grassi-Oliveira, Rodrigo
AU  - Grassi-Oliveira R
AD  - Centre of Studies and Research in Traumatic Stress, Post-Graduate Program in 
      Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of the Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), 
      Porto Alegre, Brazil Laboratory of Immunosenescence, Institute of Biomedical 
      Research, Pontifical Catholic University of the Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto 
      Alegre, Brazil.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - Canada
TA  - J Psychiatry Neurosci
JT  - Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN
JID - 9107859
RN  - 0 (Crack Cocaine)
RN  - 0 (Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor)
RN  - 0 (Nerve Growth Factors)
RN  - 0 (Neurotrophin 3)
RN  - 145172-44-7 (neurotrophin 5)
RN  - 9061-61-4 (Nerve Growth Factor)
RN  - P658DCA9XD (neurotrophin 4)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Child
MH  - *Child Abuse, Sexual
MH  - Cocaine-Related Disorders/*blood
MH  - *Crack Cocaine
MH  - Female
MH  - Follow-Up Studies
MH  - Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/blood
MH  - Humans
MH  - Linear Models
MH  - Nerve Growth Factor/blood
MH  - Nerve Growth Factors/*blood
MH  - Neurotrophin 3/blood
MH  - Stress, Psychological/*blood
MH  - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/blood
MH  - Time Factors
PMC - PMC3997606
EDAT- 2013/12/18 06:00
MHDA- 2015/04/07 06:00
PMCR- 2014/05/01
CRDT- 2013/12/17 06:00
PHST- 2013/12/17 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/12/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/04/07 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2014/05/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1503/jpn.130027 [pii]
AID - jpn-39-206 [pii]
AID - 10.1503/jpn.130027 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2014 May;39(3):206-14. doi: 10.1503/jpn.130027.