PMID- 24335886
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140811
LR  - 20220330
IS  - 1558-2035 (Electronic)
IS  - 1558-2027 (Linking)
VI  - 14
IP  - 10
DP  - 2013 Oct
TI  - Task force on: 'Early markers of atherosclerosis: influence of age and sex'.
PG  - 757-66
LID - 10.2459/JCM.0b013e328362078d [doi]
AB  - Atherosclerosis and its complications are the most important causes of death all 
      over the world, especially in Western countries. Diet habits, modern stress life, 
      smoking, sedentary way of life and an involvement of genetic pattern of 
      individuals lead to a sure degeneration of quality of life increasing the risk of 
      atherosclerosis development. For this reason, the main purpose of actual medicine 
      is to identify all the markers that could allow the physicians to evaluate the 
      first moments of the development of this dangerous pathological process. The aim 
      is to reduce the speed of its evolution, trying to delay indefinitely the risk 
      coming from the morphological alterations of the vessels. 'Endothelium function' 
      could allow physicians to detect the first moment of the natural history of 
      atherosclerosis process. Its impairment is the first step in the degeneration of 
      vascular structures. Many methods [flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD); 
      antero-posterior abdominal aorta diameter (APAO); intima-media thickness of the 
      common carotid artery (CCA-IMT); arterial stiffness; and so on] try to evaluate 
      its function, but many limitations come from general population characteristics. 
      A standardization of the methods should take into account individuals' 
      peculiarities. Two elements, not modifiable, should be taken into account for 
      vascular evaluation: age and sex. The aim of this review is to outline the 
      linkage among age, sex and instrumental evaluation of patients considered for a 
      noninvasive assessment of their cardiovascular risk profile.
FAU - Ciccone, Marco Matteo
AU  - Ciccone MM
AD  - aCardiovascular Diseases Section, Department of Emergency and Organ 
      Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy bCardiology Department, Tzanio 
      State Hospital, Piraeus, Greece cCardio-Thoracic and Vascular Department 
      dInternal Medicine Department, University of Pisa, Pisa eCardiovascular Diseases 
      Section, University of Brescia, Brescia fASL BR/1, Brindisi gDepartment of 
      Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia hCardiovascular 
      Diseases Section, University of Palermo, Palermo iCardiovascular Diseases 
      Section, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy.
FAU - Bilianou, Elene
AU  - Bilianou E
FAU - Balbarini, Alberto
AU  - Balbarini A
FAU - Gesualdo, Michele
AU  - Gesualdo M
FAU - Ghiadoni, Lorenzo
AU  - Ghiadoni L
FAU - Metra, Marco
AU  - Metra M
FAU - Palmiero, Pasquale
AU  - Palmiero P
FAU - Pedrinelli, Roberto
AU  - Pedrinelli R
FAU - Salvetti, Massimo
AU  - Salvetti M
FAU - Scicchitano, Pietro
AU  - Scicchitano P
FAU - Zito, Annapaola
AU  - Zito A
FAU - Novo, Salvatore
AU  - Novo S
FAU - Mattioli, Anna Vittoria
AU  - Mattioli AV
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown)
JT  - Journal of cardiovascular medicine (Hagerstown, Md.)
JID - 101259752
SB  - IM
MH  - Age Factors
MH  - Aorta, Abdominal/pathology/physiopathology
MH  - Atherosclerosis/complications/*diagnosis/pathology/physiopathology
MH  - Carotid Intima-Media Thickness
MH  - Dilatation, Pathologic
MH  - Disease Progression
MH  - Early Diagnosis
MH  - Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Predictive Value of Tests
MH  - Prognosis
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Sex Factors
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Vascular Stiffness
MH  - Vasodilation
EDAT- 2013/12/18 06:00
MHDA- 2014/08/12 06:00
CRDT- 2013/12/17 06:00
PHST- 2013/12/17 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/12/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/08/12 06:00 [medline]
AID - 01244665-201310000-00015 [pii]
AID - 10.2459/JCM.0b013e328362078d [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 2013 Oct;14(10):757-66. doi: 
      10.2459/JCM.0b013e328362078d.