PMID- 24352044
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140527
LR  - 20221109
IS  - 1523-1747 (Electronic)
IS  - 0022-202X (Print)
IS  - 0022-202X (Linking)
VI  - 134
IP  - 4
DP  - 2014 Apr
TI  - A three-dimensional atlas of human dermal leukocytes, lymphatics, and blood 
      vessels.
PG  - 965-974
LID - S0022-202X(15)36703-8 [pii]
LID - 10.1038/jid.2013.481 [doi]
AB  - Dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages (Mphi), and T cells are major components of the 
      skin immune system, but their interstitial spatial organization is poorly 
      characterized. Using four-channel whole-mount immunofluorescence staining of the 
      human dermis, we demonstrated the three-dimensional distribution of CD31(+) blood 
      capillaries, LYVE-1(+) lymphatics, discrete populations of CD11c(+) myeloid DCs, 
      FXIIIa(+) Mphi, and lymphocytes. We showed phenotypic and morphological differences 
      in situ between DCs and Mphi. DCs formed the first dermal cellular layer (0-20 mum 
      beneath the dermoepidermal junction), Mphi were located deeper (40-60 mum), and 
      CD3(+) lymphocytes were observed throughout (0-60 mum). Below this level, DCs, T 
      cells, and the majority of Mphi formed stable perivascular sheaths. Whole-mount 
      imaging revealed the true extent of dermal leukocytes previously underestimated 
      from cross-section views. The total area of apical dermis (0-30 mum) contained 
      approximately 10-fold more myeloid DCs than the entire blood volume of an average 
      individual. Surprisingly, <1% of dermal DCs occupied lymphatics in freshly 
      isolated skin. Dermal DCs rapidly accumulated within lymphatics, but Mphi remained 
      fixed in skin explants cultured ex vivo. The leukocyte architecture observed in 
      normal skin was distorted in inflammation and disease. These studies illustrate 
      the micro-anatomy of dermal leukocytes and provide further insights into their 
      functional organization.
FAU - Wang, Xiao-Nong
AU  - Wang XN
AD  - Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
FAU - McGovern, Naomi
AU  - McGovern N
AD  - Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
FAU - Gunawan, Merry
AU  - Gunawan M
AD  - Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
FAU - Richardson, Connor
AU  - Richardson C
AD  - Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
FAU - Windebank, Martin
AU  - Windebank M
AD  - Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
FAU - Siah, Tee-Wei
AU  - Siah TW
AD  - Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
FAU - Lim, Hwee-Ying
AU  - Lim HY
AD  - National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
FAU - Fink, Katja
AU  - Fink K
AD  - Singapore Immunology Network, A*Star, Singapore, Singapore.
FAU - Yao Li, Jackson L
AU  - Yao Li JL
AD  - Singapore Immunology Network, A*Star, Singapore, Singapore.
FAU - Ng, Lai G
AU  - Ng LG
AD  - Singapore Immunology Network, A*Star, Singapore, Singapore.
FAU - Ginhoux, Florent
AU  - Ginhoux F
AD  - Singapore Immunology Network, A*Star, Singapore, Singapore.
FAU - Angeli, Veronique
AU  - Angeli V
AD  - National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
FAU - Collin, Matthew
AU  - Collin M
AD  - Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
FAU - Haniffa, Muzlifah
AU  - Haniffa M
AD  - Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. 
      Electronic address: m.a.haniffa@ncl.ac.uk.
LA  - eng
GR  - Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
GR  - 088555/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20131111
PL  - United States
TA  - J Invest Dermatol
JT  - The Journal of investigative dermatology
JID - 0426720
RN  - 0 (CD11c Antigen)
RN  - 0 (Carrier Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Microfilament Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1)
RN  - 146808-54-0 (fascin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Anisotropy
MH  - CD11c Antigen/metabolism
MH  - Carrier Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Cell Movement
MH  - Dermis/blood supply/cytology/pathology
MH  - Female
MH  - Flow Cytometry
MH  - Humans
MH  - Langerhans Cells/cytology
MH  - Leukocytes/*cytology
MH  - Lymphatic System
MH  - Lymphatic Vessels/pathology
MH  - Lymphocytes/cytology/metabolism
MH  - Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/metabolism
MH  - Macrophages/*cytology/*pathology
MH  - Microfilament Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Phenotype
MH  - Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism
MH  - Skin/*blood supply/*cytology/pathology
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC3961477
MID - EMS55583
OID - NLM: EMS55583
EDAT- 2013/12/20 06:00
MHDA- 2014/05/28 06:00
CRDT- 2013/12/20 06:00
PHST- 2013/06/16 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/09/25 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2013/10/02 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/12/20 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/12/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/05/28 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0022-202X(15)36703-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/jid.2013.481 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Invest Dermatol. 2014 Apr;134(4):965-974. doi: 10.1038/jid.2013.481. Epub 2013 
      Nov 11.