PMID- 24366983
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150707
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1873-1953 (Electronic)
IS  - 1474-5151 (Print)
IS  - 1474-5151 (Linking)
VI  - 13
IP  - 6
DP  - 2014 Dec
TI  - Dietary sodium restriction below 2 g per day predicted shorter event-free 
      survival in patients with mild heart failure.
PG  - 541-8
LID - 10.1177/1474515113517574 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Despite a growing recognition that a strict low sodium diet may not 
      be warranted in compensated heart failure (HF) patients, the link between sodium 
      restriction below 2 g/day and health outcomes is unknown in patients at different 
      levels of HF severity. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare 
      differences in event-free survival among patients with <2 g/day, 2-3 g/day, or >3 
      g/day sodium intake stratified by New York Heart Association (NYHA) class. 
      METHOD: A total of 244 patients with HF completed a four-day food diary to 
      measure daily sodium intake. All-cause hospitalization or death for a median of 
      365 follow-up days and covariates on age, gender, etiology, body mass index, NYHA 
      class, ejection fraction, total comorbidity score, the presence of ankle edema, 
      and prescribed medications were determined by patient interview and medical 
      record review. Hierarchical Cox hazard regression was used to address the 
      purpose. RESULTS: In NYHA class I/II (n=134), patients with <2 g/day sodium 
      intake had a 3.7-times higher risk (p=0.025), while patients with >3 g/day sodium 
      intake had a 0.4-times lower risk (p=0.047) for hospitalization or death than 
      those with 2-3 g/day sodium intake after controlling for covariates. In NYHA 
      class III/IV (n=110), >3 g/day sodium intake predicted shorter event-free 
      survival (p=0.044), whereas there was no difference in survival curves between 
      patients with <2 g/day and those with 2-3 g/day sodium intake. CONCLUSION: Sodium 
      restriction below 2 g/day is not warranted in mild HF patients, whereas excessive 
      sodium intake above 3 g/day may be harmful in moderate to severe HF patients.
CI  - (c) The European Society of Cardiology 2013.
FAU - Song, Eun Kyeung
AU  - Song EK
AD  - Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Republic of 
      Korea gracesong@ulsan.ac.kr.
FAU - Moser, Debra K
AU  - Moser DK
AD  - College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, USA.
FAU - Dunbar, Sandra B
AU  - Dunbar SB
AD  - Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, USA.
FAU - Pressler, Susan J
AU  - Pressler SJ
AD  - University of Michigan, School of Nursing, USA.
FAU - Lennie, Terry A
AU  - Lennie TA
AD  - College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - UL1TR000454/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 NR009280/NR/NINR NIH HHS/United States
GR  - M01RR0039/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States
GR  - M01 RR000039/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States
GR  - UL1 TR000454/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - 3R01 NR 009280/NR/NINR NIH HHS/United States
GR  - 1P20 NR 010679/NR/NINR NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P20 NR010679/NR/NINR NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Evaluation Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Multicenter Study
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20131223
PL  - England
TA  - Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs
JT  - European journal of cardiovascular nursing
JID - 101128793
RN  - 0 (Sodium, Dietary)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - Analysis of Variance
MH  - Chi-Square Distribution
MH  - Cohort Studies
MH  - Confidence Intervals
MH  - Diet Records
MH  - Diet, Sodium-Restricted/*adverse effects
MH  - Disease-Free Survival
MH  - Female
MH  - Follow-Up Studies
MH  - Heart Failure/diagnosis/*metabolism/*mortality
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Predictive Value of Tests
MH  - Proportional Hazards Models
MH  - Prospective Studies
MH  - Risk Assessment
MH  - Severity of Illness Index
MH  - Sodium, Dietary/*administration & dosage
MH  - Tertiary Care Centers
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - United States
PMC - PMC4393886
MID - NIHMS675242
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Sodium-restricted diet
OT  - health outcomes
OT  - heart failure
EDAT- 2013/12/25 06:00
MHDA- 2015/07/08 06:00
PMCR- 2015/12/01
CRDT- 2013/12/25 06:00
PHST- 2013/12/25 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/12/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/07/08 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2015/12/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 1474515113517574 [pii]
AID - 10.1177/1474515113517574 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2014 Dec;13(6):541-8. doi: 10.1177/1474515113517574. Epub 
      2013 Dec 23.