PMID- 24371044
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150817
LR  - 20140317
IS  - 1475-3162 (Electronic)
IS  - 0003-4878 (Linking)
VI  - 58
IP  - 3
DP  - 2014 Apr
TI  - Sampling of respirable isocyanate particles.
PG  - 340-54
LID - 10.1093/annhyg/met067 [doi]
AB  - An advanced design of a denuder impactor (DI) sampler has been developed for 
      characterization of possible airborne isocyanate exposure in different particle 
      size fractions. The sampler is equipped with 12 different parallel denuder tubes, 
      4 impaction stages with the cut-off values (d50) of: 9.5, 4, 2.5 and 1 microm, and an 
      end filter that collects particles < 1 microm. All collecting parts were impregnated 
      with di-n-butylamine DBA as the reagent in a mixture with acetic acid. The 
      performance of the DI sampler was studied on a standard atmosphere containing gas 
      and particulate isocyanates. The isocyanate atmosphere was generated by liquid 
      permeation of 2,4-, 2,6-Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI), 1,6-Hexamethylene 
      Diisocyanate (HDI) and Isophorone Diisocyanate (IPDI). 4,4'-Methylene Diphenyl 
      Diisocyanate (MDI) particles were generated by heating of technical MDI and 
      condensing the mixture of gas and particle-borne MDI in an atmosphere containing 
      mixed salt particles. The study was performed in a 0.85 m3 environmental chamber 
      with stainless steel walls. With the advancement of the DI sampler it is now 
      possible to collect isocyanate particle samples for up to 320 min. The 
      performance of the DI sampler is essentially unaffected by the humidity. The DI 
      sampler and the ASSET EZ4-NCO sampler (Sigma-Aldrich/Supelco, Bellefonte, PA, 
      USA) gave similar results. Sample losses within the DI sampler are low. In the 
      environmental chamber it was observed that the particle distribution may be 
      affected by the humidity and ageing. A scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) 
      was used to separate a flow of selected fractions containing MDI particles from 
      mixed MDI and salt particles. The particle-size distribution had a maximum at 
      about 300 nm, but later in the environmental chamber 1 microm dominated. The 
      distribution was very different as compared to with only NaCl or MDI present. The 
      biological relevance for studying isocyanate nano particles is significant as 
      these have the possibility to reach the lower airways where allergic reactions 
      may occur. SMPS and isocyanate air sampling can be used for the investigation of 
      isocyanate nano particles.
FAU - Gylestam, Daniel
AU  - Gylestam D
AD  - Work Environment Chemistry, Stockholm University, Hassleholm, Sweden;
FAU - Gustavsson, Marcus
AU  - Gustavsson M
FAU - Karlsson, Daniel
AU  - Karlsson D
FAU - Dalene, Marianne
AU  - Dalene M
FAU - Skarping, Gunnar
AU  - Skarping G
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20131226
PL  - England
TA  - Ann Occup Hyg
JT  - The Annals of occupational hygiene
JID - 0203526
RN  - 0 (Aerosols)
RN  - 0 (Air Pollutants, Occupational)
RN  - 0 (Isocyanates)
SB  - IM
MH  - Aerosols/analysis
MH  - Air Pollutants, Occupational/*analysis
MH  - Environmental Monitoring/instrumentation/*methods
MH  - Humans
MH  - Humidity
MH  - Inhalation Exposure/*analysis
MH  - Isocyanates/*analysis
MH  - Nanoparticles/analysis
MH  - Occupational Exposure/adverse effects/analysis
MH  - Particle Size
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - DBA
OT  - aerosol
OT  - air sampling
OT  - denuder
OT  - impactor
OT  - isocyanate
OT  - respirable
EDAT- 2013/12/29 06:00
MHDA- 2015/08/19 06:00
CRDT- 2013/12/28 06:00
PHST- 2013/12/28 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/12/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/08/19 06:00 [medline]
AID - met067 [pii]
AID - 10.1093/annhyg/met067 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Ann Occup Hyg. 2014 Apr;58(3):340-54. doi: 10.1093/annhyg/met067. Epub 2013 Dec 
      26.