PMID- 24371078
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140512
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1098-5514 (Electronic)
IS  - 0022-538X (Print)
IS  - 0022-538X (Linking)
VI  - 88
IP  - 6
DP  - 2014 Mar
TI  - Analysis of ORF5 and full-length genome sequences of porcine reproductive and 
      respiratory syndrome virus isolates of genotypes 1 and 2 retrieved worldwide 
      provides evidence that recombination is a common phenomenon and may produce 
      mosaic isolates.
PG  - 3170-81
LID - 10.1128/JVI.02858-13 [doi]
AB  - Recombination is currently recognized as a factor for high genetic diversity, but 
      the frequency of such recombination events and the genome segments involved are 
      not well known. In the present study, we initially focused on the detection of 
      recombinant porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) isolates 
      by examining previously published data sets of ORF5 sequences (genotypes 1 and 2) 
      obtained worldwide. We then examined full-length genome sequences in order to 
      determine potential recombination breakpoints along the viral genome. For ORF5, 
      11 sets of genotype 1 sequences from different geographical areas, including 2 
      Asian, 1 American, and 7 European regions, and three sets of genotype 2, 
      including sets from China, Mexico, and the United States, were analyzed 
      separately. Potential recombination breakpoints were detected in 10/11 genotype 1 
      sets, including 9 cases in which the clustering of at least one isolate was 
      different before and after the breakpoints. In genotype 2, potential breakpoints 
      and different tree clustering of at least one strain before and after the 
      breakpoint were observed in 2 out of 3 sets. The results indicated that most of 
      the ORF5 data sets contained at least one recombinant sequence. When the 
      full-length genome sequences were examined, both genotype 1 and 2 sets presented 
      breakpoints (10 and 9, respectively), resulting in significantly different 
      topologies before and after the breakpoints. Mosaic genomes were detected in 
      genotype 1 sequences. These results may have significant implications for the 
      understanding of the molecular epidemiology of PRRSV. IMPORTANCE: PRRSV is one of 
      the most important viruses affecting swine production worldwide, causing big 
      economic losses and sanitary problems. One of the key questions on PRRSV arises 
      from its genetic diversity, which is thought to have a direct impact on 
      immunobiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and vaccine efficacy. One of the causes 
      of this genetic diversity is recombination among strains. This study provides 
      evidence that recombinant PRRSV isolates are common in most of the countries with 
      significant swine production, especially PRRSV genotype 1. This observation has 
      implications in the proper characterization of PRRSV strains, in the future 
      development of phylogenetic studies, and in the development of new PRRSV control 
      strategies. Moreover, the present paper emphasizes the need for a deeper 
      understanding of the mechanisms and circumstances involved in the generation of 
      genetic diversity of PRRSV.
FAU - Martin-Valls, G E
AU  - Martin-Valls GE
AD  - Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 
      Bellaterra, Spain.
FAU - Kvisgaard, L K
AU  - Kvisgaard LK
FAU - Tello, M
AU  - Tello M
FAU - Darwich, L
AU  - Darwich L
FAU - Cortey, M
AU  - Cortey M
FAU - Burgara-Estrella, A J
AU  - Burgara-Estrella AJ
FAU - Hernandez, J
AU  - Hernandez J
FAU - Larsen, L E
AU  - Larsen LE
FAU - Mateu, E
AU  - Mateu E
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20131226
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JT  - Journal of virology
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (Viral Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Americas
MH  - Animals
MH  - Asia
MH  - Europe
MH  - *Genome, Viral
MH  - Genotype
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Mosaicism
MH  - Open Reading Frames
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome/*virology
MH  - Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome 
      virus/classification/*genetics/isolation & purification
MH  - *Recombination, Genetic
MH  - Swine
MH  - Viral Proteins/*genetics
PMC - PMC3957927
EDAT- 2013/12/29 06:00
MHDA- 2014/05/13 06:00
PMCR- 2014/09/01
CRDT- 2013/12/28 06:00
PHST- 2013/12/28 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/12/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/05/13 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2014/09/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - JVI.02858-13 [pii]
AID - 02858-13 [pii]
AID - 10.1128/JVI.02858-13 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol. 2014 Mar;88(6):3170-81. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02858-13. Epub 2013 Dec 26.