PMID- 24375655
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140501
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1098-2280 (Electronic)
IS  - 0893-6692 (Print)
IS  - 0893-6692 (Linking)
VI  - 55
IP  - 3
DP  - 2014 Apr
TI  - Effects of age, sex, and persistent organic pollutants on DNA methylation in 
      children.
PG  - 209-22
LID - 10.1002/em.21845 [doi]
AB  - Epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation may be a molecular mechanism through 
      which environmental exposures affect health. Methylation of Alu and long 
      interspersed nucleotide elements (LINE-1) is a well-established measure of DNA 
      methylation often used in epidemiologic studies. Yet, few studies have examined 
      the effects of host factors on LINE-1 and Alu methylation in children. We 
      characterized the relationship of age, sex, and prenatal exposure to persistent 
      organic pollutants (POPs), dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT), 
      dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers 
      (PBDEs), with DNA methylation in a birth cohort of Mexican-American children 
      participating in the CHAMACOS study. We measured Alu and LINE-1 methylation by 
      pyrosequencing bisulfite-treated DNA isolated from whole blood samples collected 
      from newborns and nine-year old children (n = 358). POPs were measured in 
      maternal serum during late pregnancy. Levels of DNA methylation were lower in 
      nine-year olds compared to newborns and were higher in boys compared to girls. 
      Higher prenatal DDT/E exposure was associated with lower Alu methylation at 
      birth, particularly after adjusting for cell type composition (P = 0.02 for o,p' 
      -DDT). Associations of POPs with LINE-1 methylation were only identified after 
      examining the co-exposure of DDT/E with PBDEs simultaneously. Our data suggest 
      that repeat element methylation can be an informative marker of epigenetic 
      differences by age and sex and that prenatal exposure to POPs may be linked to 
      hypomethylation in fetal blood. Accounting for co-exposure to different types of 
      chemicals and adjusting for blood cell types may increase sensitivity of 
      epigenetic analyses for epidemiological studies.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
FAU - Huen, Karen
AU  - Huen K
AD  - Center for Children's Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University 
      of California, Berkeley, California.
FAU - Yousefi, Paul
AU  - Yousefi P
FAU - Bradman, Asa
AU  - Bradman A
FAU - Yan, Liying
AU  - Yan L
FAU - Harley, Kim G
AU  - Harley KG
FAU - Kogut, Katherine
AU  - Kogut K
FAU - Eskenazi, Brenda
AU  - Eskenazi B
FAU - Holland, Nina
AU  - Holland N
LA  - eng
GR  - P01 ES009605/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 ES015572/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 OH007400/OH/NIOSH CDC HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
DEP - 20131226
PL  - United States
TA  - Environ Mol Mutagen
JT  - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
JID - 8800109
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers)
RN  - 0 (Organic Chemicals)
RN  - 4M7FS82U08 (Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene)
RN  - 7REL09ZX35 (pentabromodiphenyl ether)
RN  - CIW5S16655 (DDT)
SB  - IM
MH  - Age Factors
MH  - Alu Elements
MH  - Cell Count
MH  - Child
MH  - Cohort Studies
MH  - DDT/toxicity
MH  - *DNA Methylation
MH  - Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/toxicity
MH  - Environmental Pollutants/*toxicity
MH  - Epigenesis, Genetic
MH  - Female
MH  - Fetal Blood
MH  - Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers/toxicity
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant, Newborn
MH  - Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements
MH  - Male
MH  - Maternal Exposure
MH  - Mexican Americans
MH  - Organic Chemicals/*toxicity
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Sex Factors
PMC - PMC4410811
MID - NIHMS680855
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Alu
OT  - DDE
OT  - DDT
OT  - LINE-1
OT  - PBDE
OT  - co-exposure
OT  - epigenetics
COIS- Conflict of interest: Liying Yan is the President and chief scientist of 
      EpigenDx, and owns more than 5% shares in EpigenDx. There are a number patent 
      applications related to cancer biomarkers discovery in filing process.
EDAT- 2014/01/01 06:00
MHDA- 2014/05/03 06:00
PMCR- 2015/04/27
CRDT- 2013/12/31 06:00
PHST- 2013/10/24 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/12/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/12/31 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/01/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/05/03 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2015/04/27 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1002/em.21845 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Mol Mutagen. 2014 Apr;55(3):209-22. doi: 10.1002/em.21845. Epub 2013 Dec 
      26.