PMID- 24376743
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150302
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 8
IP  - 12
DP  - 2013
TI  - Superoxide anions in paraventricular nucleus modulate adipose afferent reflex and 
      sympathetic activity in rats.
PG  - e83771
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0083771 [doi]
LID - e83771
AB  - BACKGROUND: Adipose afferent reflex (AAR) is a sympatho-excitatory reflex induced 
      by chemical stimulation of white adipose tissue (WAT). Ionotropic glutamate 
      receptors including NMDA receptors (NMDAR) and non-NMDA receptors (non-NMDAR) in 
      paraventricular nucleus (PVN) mediate the AAR. Enhanced AAR contributes to 
      sympathetic activation and hypertension in obesity rats. This study was designed 
      to investigate the role and mechanism of superoxide anions in PVN in modulating 
      the AAR. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) 
      and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded in anesthetized rats. AAR was 
      evaluated by the RSNA and MAP responses to injections of capsaicin into four 
      sites of right inguinal WAT (8.0 nmol in 8.0 microl for each site). Microinjection of 
      polyethylene glycol-superoxide dismutase (PEG-SOD), the superoxide anion 
      scavenger tempol or the NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor apocynin into the PVN decreased 
      the baseline RSNA and MAP, and attenuated the AAR. Unilateral WAT injection of 
      capsaicin increased superoxide anions in bilateral PVN, which was prevented by 
      the WAT denervation. WAT injection of capsaicin increased superoxide anion level 
      and NAD(P)H oxidase activity in the PVN, which was abolished by the PVN 
      pretreatment with the combined NMDAR antagonist AP5 and non-NMDAR antagonist 
      CNQX. Microinjection of the NMDAR agonist NMDA or the non-NMDAR agonist AMPA 
      increased superoxide anion level and NAD(P)H oxidase activity in the PVN. 
      CONCLUSIONS: NAD(P)H oxidase-derived superoxide anions in the PVN contributes to 
      the tonic modulation of AAR. Activation of ionotropic glutamate receptors in the 
      PVN is involved in the AAR-induced production of superoxide anions in the PVN.
FAU - Ding, Lei
AU  - Ding L
AD  - Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department 
      of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
FAU - Zhang, Ling-Li
AU  - Zhang LL
AD  - Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department 
      of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
FAU - Gao, Run
AU  - Gao R
AD  - Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department 
      of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
FAU - Chen, Dan
AU  - Chen D
AD  - Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department 
      of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
FAU - Wang, Jue-Jin
AU  - Wang JJ
AD  - Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department 
      of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
FAU - Gao, Xing-Ya
AU  - Gao XY
AD  - Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department 
      of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
FAU - Kang, Yu-Ming
AU  - Kang YM
AD  - Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, 
      Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shanxi, China.
FAU - Zhu, Guo-Qing
AU  - Zhu GQ
AD  - Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department 
      of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20131223
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (Acetophenones)
RN  - 0 (Cyclic N-Oxides)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Ionotropic Glutamate)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate)
RN  - 0 (Spin Labels)
RN  - 11062-77-4 (Superoxides)
RN  - 3WJQ0SDW1A (Polyethylene Glycols)
RN  - 6384-92-5 (N-Methylaspartate)
RN  - 6OTE87SCCW (6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione)
RN  - 76726-92-6 (2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate)
RN  - 77521-29-0 (alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid)
RN  - B6J7B9UDTR (acetovanillone)
RN  - EC 1.15.1.1 (Superoxide Dismutase)
RN  - EC 1.15.1.1 (polyethylene glycol-superoxide dismutase)
RN  - S07O44R1ZM (Capsaicin)
RN  - U78ZX2F65X (tempol)
SB  - IM
MH  - 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate/pharmacology
MH  - 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione/pharmacology
MH  - Acetophenones/pharmacology
MH  - Adipose Tissue, White/drug effects/*metabolism
MH  - Animals
MH  - Capsaicin/pharmacology
MH  - Cyclic N-Oxides/pharmacology
MH  - Male
MH  - N-Methylaspartate/pharmacology
MH  - Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/drug effects/*metabolism/physiology
MH  - Polyethylene Glycols/pharmacology
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - Receptors, Ionotropic Glutamate/metabolism
MH  - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism
MH  - *Reflex/drug effects
MH  - Spin Labels
MH  - Superoxide Dismutase/pharmacology
MH  - Superoxides/*metabolism
MH  - Sympathetic Nervous System/drug effects/*physiology
MH  - alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid/pharmacology
PMC - PMC3871588
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2014/01/01 06:00
MHDA- 2015/03/03 06:00
PMCR- 2013/12/23
CRDT- 2013/12/31 06:00
PHST- 2013/08/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/11/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/12/31 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/01/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/03/03 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2013/12/23 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-13-33038 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0083771 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2013 Dec 23;8(12):e83771. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083771. 
      eCollection 2013.