PMID- 24381810
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140101
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 2162-3279 (Print)
IS  - 2162-3279 (Electronic)
VI  - 3
IP  - 4
DP  - 2013 Jul
TI  - An fMRI investigation of delay discounting in patients with schizophrenia.
PG  - 384-401
LID - 10.1002/brb3.135 [doi]
AB  - Schizophrenia (SZ) is associated with a reduced ability to set meaningful goals 
      to reach desired outcomes. The delay-discounting (DD) task, in which one chooses 
      between sooner smaller and later larger rewards, has proven useful in revealing 
      executive function and reward deficits in various clinical groups. We used fMRI 
      in patients with SZ and healthy controls (HC) to compare brain activation during 
      performance of a DD task. Prior to the neuroimaging session, we obtained each 
      participant's rate of DD, k, on a DD task and used it to select a version of the 
      DD task for each participant's fMRI session. Because of the importance of 
      comparing fMRI results from groups matched on performance, we used a criterion 
      value of R (2) > 0.60 for response consistency on the DD task to analyze fMRI 
      activation to DD task versus control trials from consistent SZ (n = 14) and 
      consistent HC (n = 14). We also compared activation between the groups on 
      contrasts related to trial difficulty. Finally, we contrasted the inconsistent SZ 
      (n = 9) with the consistent HC and consistent SZ; these results should be 
      interpreted with caution because of inconsistent SZ's aberrant performance on the 
      task. Compared with consistent HC, consistent SZ showed reduced activation to DD 
      task versus control trials in executive function and reward areas. In contrast, 
      consistent SZ showed more activation in the precuneus and posterior cingulate, 
      regions of the default mode network (DMN) that are typically deactivated during 
      tasks, and in the insula, a region linked to emotional processing. Furthermore, 
      consistent SZ had abnormal activation of lateral and medial frontal regions in 
      relation to trial difficulty. These results point to disruption of several neural 
      networks during decision making, including the executive, reward, default mode, 
      and emotional networks, and suggest processes that are impaired during decision 
      making in schizophrenia.
FAU - Avsar, Kathy Burton
AU  - Avsar KB
AD  - Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, The University of Alabama 
      at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama, 35294-0017 ; Department of Psychology, The 
      University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama, 35294-1170.
FAU - Weller, Rosalyn Eve
AU  - Weller RE
AD  - Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, 
      Alabama, 35294-1170.
FAU - Cox, James Edward
AU  - Cox JE
AD  - Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, 
      Alabama, 35294-1170.
FAU - Reid, Meredith Amanda
AU  - Reid MA
AD  - Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, The University of Alabama 
      at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama, 35294-0017 ; Department of Biomedical 
      Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama, 
      35294-2182.
FAU - White, David Matthew
AU  - White DM
AD  - Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, The University of Alabama 
      at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama, 35294-0017.
FAU - Lahti, Adrienne Carol
AU  - Lahti AC
AD  - Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, The University of Alabama 
      at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama, 35294-0017.
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 MH081014/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20130424
PL  - United States
TA  - Brain Behav
JT  - Brain and behavior
JID - 101570837
PMC - PMC3869680
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Delay discounting
OT  - executive function
OT  - intertemporal
OT  - reward
OT  - schizophrenia
OT  - subjective value
EDAT- 2014/01/02 06:00
MHDA- 2014/01/02 06:01
PMCR- 2013/07/01
CRDT- 2014/01/02 06:00
PHST- 2013/01/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/03/18 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2013/02/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/01/02 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/01/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/01/02 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2013/07/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1002/brb3.135 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Brain Behav. 2013 Jul;3(4):384-401. doi: 10.1002/brb3.135. Epub 2013 Apr 24.