PMID- 24383744
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140919
LR  - 20140122
IS  - 1944-8252 (Electronic)
IS  - 1944-8244 (Linking)
VI  - 6
IP  - 2
DP  - 2014 Jan 22
TI  - Ionic polymer-metal composite actuators based on triple-layered polyelectrolytes 
      composed of individually functionalized layers.
PG  - 1266-71
LID - 10.1021/am405090d [doi]
AB  - Ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) actuators based on two types of 
      triple-layered Nafion composite membranes were prepared via consecutive solution 
      recasting and electroless plating methods. The triple-layered membranes are 
      composed of a Nafion layer containing an amphiphilic organic molecule 
      (10-camphorsulfonic acid; CSA) in the middle section (for fast and large ion 
      conduction) and two Nafion/modified inorganic composite layers in the outer 
      sections (for large accumulation/retention of mobile ions). For construction of 
      the two types of IPMCs, sulfonated montmorillonite (MMT) and polypyrrole 
      (PPy)-coated alumina fillers were incorporated into the outer layers. Both the 
      triple-layered IPMCs exhibited 42% higher tip displacements at the maximum 
      deflections with a negligible back-relaxation, 50-74% higher blocking forces, and 
      more rapid responses under 3 V dc, compared with conventional single-layered 
      Nafion-IPMCs. Improvements in cyclic displacement under a rectangular voltage 
      input of 3 V at 1 Hz were also made in the triple-layered configurations. 
      Compared with single-layered IPMCs consisting of the identical compositions with 
      the respective outer composite layers, the bending rates and energy efficiencies 
      of both the triple-layered IPMCs were significantly higher, although the blocking 
      forces were a bit lower. These remarkable improvements were attributed to higher 
      capacitances and Young's moduli as well as a more efficient transport of mobile 
      ions and water through the middle layer (Nafion/CSA) and a larger 
      accumulation/retention of the mobile species in the outer functionalized 
      inorganic composite layers. Especially, the triple-layered IPMC with the 
      PPy-modified alumina registered the best actuation performance among all the 
      samples, including a viable actuation even at a low voltage of 1.5 V due to 
      involving efficient redox reactions of PPy with the aid of hygroscopic alumina.
FAU - Lee, Jang-Woo
AU  - Lee JW
AD  - Department of Materials Chemistry and Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk 
      University , 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Yoo, Young-Tai
AU  - Yoo YT
FAU - Lee, Jae Yeol
AU  - Lee JY
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20140108
PL  - United States
TA  - ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
JT  - ACS applied materials & interfaces
JID - 101504991
EDAT- 2014/01/05 06:00
MHDA- 2014/01/05 06:01
CRDT- 2014/01/04 06:00
PHST- 2014/01/04 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/01/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/01/05 06:01 [medline]
AID - 10.1021/am405090d [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2014 Jan 22;6(2):1266-71. doi: 10.1021/am405090d. Epub 
      2014 Jan 8.