PMID- 24401835 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20141107 LR - 20240104 IS - 1476-5462 (Electronic) IS - 0969-7128 (Linking) VI - 21 IP - 3 DP - 2014 Mar TI - Interference with PD-L1/PD-1 co-stimulation during antigen presentation enhances the multifunctionality of antigen-specific T cells. PG - 262-71 LID - 10.1038/gt.2013.80 [doi] AB - The release of cytokines by T cells strongly defines their functional activity in vivo. The ability to produce multiple cytokines has been associated with beneficial immune responses in cancer and infectious diseases, while their progressive loss is associated with T-cell exhaustion, senescence and anergy. Consequently, strategies that enhance the multifunctional status of T cells are a key for immunotherapy. Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen presenting cells that regulate T-cell functions by providing positive and negative co-stimulatory signals. A key negative regulator of T-cell activity is provided by binding of programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor on activated T cells, to its ligand PD-L1, expressed on DCs. We investigated the impact of interfering with PD-L1/PD-1 co-stimulation on the multifunctionality of T cells, by expression of the soluble extracellular part of PD-1 (sPD-1) or PD-L1 (sPD-L1) in human monocyte-derived DCs during antigen presentation. Expression, secretion and binding of these soluble molecules after mRNA electroporation were demonstrated. Modification of DCs with sPD-1 or sPD-L1 mRNA resulted in increased levels of the co-stimulatory molecule CD80 and a distinct cytokine profile, characterized by the secretion of IL-10 and TNF-alpha, respectively. Co-expression in DCs of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 with influenza virus nuclear protein 1 (Flu NP1) stimulated Flu NP1 memory T cells, with a significantly higher number of multifunctional T cells and increased cytokine secretion, while it did not induce regulatory T cells. These data provide a rationale for the inclusion of interfering sPD-1 or sPD-L1 in DC-based immunotherapeutic strategies. FAU - Pen, J J AU - Pen JJ AD - Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Immunology-Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium. FAU - Keersmaecker, B D AU - Keersmaecker BD AD - Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Immunology-Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium. FAU - Heirman, C AU - Heirman C AD - Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Immunology-Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium. FAU - Corthals, J AU - Corthals J AD - Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Immunology-Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium. FAU - Liechtenstein, T AU - Liechtenstein T AD - 1] Division of Infection and Immunity, Rayne Institute, University College London, London, UK [2] Navarrabiomed-FMS, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. FAU - Escors, D AU - Escors D AD - 1] Division of Infection and Immunity, Rayne Institute, University College London, London, UK [2] Navarrabiomed-FMS, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. FAU - Thielemans, K AU - Thielemans K AD - Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Immunology-Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium. FAU - Breckpot, K AU - Breckpot K AD - Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Immunology-Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20140109 PL - England TA - Gene Ther JT - Gene therapy JID - 9421525 RN - 0 (B7 Antigens) RN - 0 (B7-1 Antigen) RN - 0 (Nucleocapsid Proteins) RN - 0 (Nucleoproteins) RN - 0 (Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor) RN - 0 (RNA, Messenger) RN - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha) RN - 0 (Viral Proteins) RN - 0 (human parainfluenza virus type 1 nucleoprotein) RN - 130068-27-8 (Interleukin-10) SB - IM MH - *Antigen Presentation MH - B7 Antigens/genetics/*immunology/metabolism MH - B7-1 Antigen/genetics/metabolism MH - Dendritic Cells/*immunology/metabolism MH - HEK293 Cells MH - Humans MH - Interleukin-10/genetics/metabolism MH - Nucleocapsid Proteins MH - Nucleoproteins/genetics/metabolism MH - Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/genetics/*immunology/metabolism MH - RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism MH - T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/metabolism MH - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics/metabolism MH - Viral Proteins/genetics/metabolism EDAT- 2014/01/10 06:00 MHDA- 2014/11/08 06:00 CRDT- 2014/01/10 06:00 PHST- 2013/02/21 00:00 [received] PHST- 2013/10/02 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2013/11/25 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/01/10 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/01/10 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/11/08 06:00 [medline] AID - gt201380 [pii] AID - 10.1038/gt.2013.80 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Gene Ther. 2014 Mar;21(3):262-71. doi: 10.1038/gt.2013.80. Epub 2014 Jan 9.