PMID- 24410307
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150818
LR  - 20220408
IS  - 2212-3911 (Electronic)
IS  - 1574-8863 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 2
DP  - 2014
TI  - Third and fourth generation fluoroquinolone antibacterials: a systematic review 
      of safety and toxicity profiles.
PG  - 89-105
AB  - In the last decade, several third and fourth generation fluoroquinolones (FQs) 
      have been approved for clinical use. These new agents exhibit a more potent and 
      broader-spectrum antibacterial activity and improved pharmacokinetic properties 
      in comparison to the earlier FQs. Although new FQs are generally safe and well 
      tolerated, moderate-to-severe toxicity events have been reported for some of 
      them, leading to their restriction, suspension or even withdrawal from the 
      market. The most common FQ-related adverse effects (AEs) are usually mild and 
      involve the gastrointestinal tract (e.g. nausea and diarrhea) and the central 
      nervous system (e.g. headache and dizziness). Uncommon, but severe AEs (e.g. 
      arthropathy, QTc interval prolongation, dysglycaemia and phototoxicity) and 
      idiosyncratic reactions (e.g. hepatitis and hemolytic anemia) have also been 
      reported and will be discussed throughout this paper. The evidence currently 
      available suggests that AEs can be inherent to the FQ class or can be associated 
      with a particular chemical moiety of the molecular structure of each FQ, thus 
      varying in frequency, severity and nature. The main goal of this review is to 
      provide a systematic evaluation of safety and tolerability data of the newer FQs 
      with emphasis on those currently marketed.
FAU - Sousa, Joana
AU  - Sousa J
FAU - Alves, Gilberto
AU  - Alves G
FAU - Fortuna, Ana
AU  - Fortuna A
FAU - Falcao, Amilcar
AU  - Falcao A
AD  - Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, CICS-UBI - Health 
      Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 
      6200-506 Covilha, Portugal. gilberto@fcsaude.ubi.pt.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
PT  - Systematic Review
PL  - United Arab Emirates
TA  - Curr Drug Saf
JT  - Current drug safety
JID - 101270895
RN  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
RN  - 0 (Fluoroquinolones)
SB  - IM
MH  - Anti-Bacterial Agents/*adverse effects
MH  - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/etiology
MH  - Dermatitis, Phototoxic/etiology
MH  - Electrocardiography/drug effects
MH  - Eye Diseases/chemically induced
MH  - Fluoroquinolones/*adverse effects
MH  - Gastrointestinal Tract/drug effects
MH  - Humans
MH  - Neurotoxicity Syndromes/etiology
MH  - Skin Diseases/chemically induced
MH  - Structure-Activity Relationship
EDAT- 2014/01/15 06:00
MHDA- 2015/08/19 06:00
CRDT- 2014/01/14 06:00
PHST- 2013/10/25 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/01/04 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2014/01/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/01/14 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/01/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/08/19 06:00 [medline]
AID - CDS-EPUB-58497 [pii]
AID - 10.2174/1574886308666140106154754 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Curr Drug Saf. 2014;9(2):89-105. doi: 10.2174/1574886308666140106154754.