PMID- 24418046 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20140414 LR - 20211021 IS - 1873-2542 (Electronic) IS - 0378-1135 (Print) IS - 0378-1135 (Linking) VI - 169 IP - 1-2 DP - 2014 Feb 21 TI - In vitro and ex vivo analyses of co-infections with swine influenza and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses. PG - 18-32 LID - S0378-1135(13)00563-4 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.11.037 [doi] AB - Viral respiratory diseases remain problematic in swine. Among viruses, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and swine influenza virus (SIV), alone or in combination, are the two main known contributors to lung infectious diseases. Previous studies demonstrated that experimental dual infections of pigs with PRRSV followed by SIV can cause more severe disease than the single viral infections. However, our understanding of the impact of one virus on the other at the molecular level is still extremely limited. Thus, the aim of the current study was to determine the influence of dual infections, compared to single infections, in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) and precision cut lung slices (PCLS). PAMs were isolated and PCLS were acquired from the lungs of healthy 8-week-old pigs. Then, PRRSV (ATCC VR-2385) and a local SIV strain of H1N1 subtype (A/Sw/Saskatchewan/18789/02) were applied simultaneously or with 3h apart on PAMs and PCLS for a total of 18 h. Immuno-staining for both viruses and beta-tubulin, real-time quantitative PCR and ELISA assays targeting various genes (pathogen recognition receptors, interferons (IFN) type I, cytokines, and IFN-inducible genes) and proteins were performed to analyze the cell and the tissue responses. Interference caused by the first virus on replication of the second virus was observed, though limited. On the host side, a synergistic effect between PRRSV and SIV co-infections was observed for some transcripts such as TLR3, RIG-I, and IFNbeta in PCLS. The PRRSV infection 3h prior to SIV infection reduced the response to SIV while the SIV infection prior to PRRSV infection had limited impact on the second infection. This study is the first to show an impact of PRRSV/SIV co-infection and superinfections in the cellular and tissue immune response at the molecular level. It opens the door to further research in this exciting and intriguing field. CI - Copyright (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Dobrescu, I AU - Dobrescu I AD - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-InterVac, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. FAU - Levast, B AU - Levast B AD - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-InterVac, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. FAU - Lai, K AU - Lai K AD - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-InterVac, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. FAU - Delgado-Ortega, M AU - Delgado-Ortega M AD - INRA, Infectiologie et Sante Publique (ISP), 37380 Nouzilly, France; Universite Francois Rabelais, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Sante Publique, 37000 Tours, France. FAU - Walker, S AU - Walker S AD - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-InterVac, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. FAU - Banman, S AU - Banman S AD - Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, S7N 5B4 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. FAU - Townsend, H AU - Townsend H AD - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-InterVac, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. FAU - Simon, G AU - Simon G AD - Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzane Laboratory, Swine Virology Immunology Unit, Zoopole Les Croix, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France. FAU - Zhou, Y AU - Zhou Y AD - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-InterVac, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. FAU - Gerdts, V AU - Gerdts V AD - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-InterVac, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. FAU - Meurens, F AU - Meurens F AD - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-InterVac, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. Electronic address: fmeurens@yahoo.fr. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20131214 PL - Netherlands TA - Vet Microbiol JT - Veterinary microbiology JID - 7705469 RN - 0 (Cytokines) RN - 9008-11-1 (Interferons) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Coinfection/immunology/metabolism/*veterinary/virology MH - Cytokines/genetics/metabolism MH - Gene Expression MH - Host-Pathogen Interactions MH - In Vitro Techniques MH - *Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics/metabolism MH - Interferons/genetics/metabolism MH - Lung/immunology/metabolism/*virology MH - Macrophages, Alveolar/immunology/metabolism/*virology MH - Orthomyxoviridae Infections/complications/immunology/*veterinary/virology MH - Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome/immunology/*virology MH - *Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/genetics/metabolism MH - Swine/genetics/metabolism/virology MH - Swine Diseases/immunology/*virology PMC - PMC7117334 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Co-infection OT - Interference OT - PRRSV OT - Pig OT - SIV OT - Superinfection EDAT- 2014/01/15 06:00 MHDA- 2014/04/15 06:00 PMCR- 2013/12/14 CRDT- 2014/01/15 06:00 PHST- 2013/08/29 00:00 [received] PHST- 2013/11/25 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2013/11/28 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/01/15 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/01/15 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/04/15 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2013/12/14 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S0378-1135(13)00563-4 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.11.037 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Vet Microbiol. 2014 Feb 21;169(1-2):18-32. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.11.037. Epub 2013 Dec 14.