PMID- 24444394
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140926
LR  - 20140121
IS  - 1944-0057 (Electronic)
IS  - 1944-0057 (Linking)
VI  - 31
IP  - 1
DP  - 2014
TI  - Method for assessing lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic in high-density 
      polyethylene packaging and study of the migration into yoghurt and simulant.
PG  - 156-63
LID - 10.1080/19440049.2013.855826 [doi]
AB  - The purpose of this paper was to assess the concentration of lead (Pb), cadmium 
      (Cd), mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As) in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) packaging 
      intended for contact with yoghurt and the migration of these elements using the 
      food itself and 3% acetic acid as a food simulant in accordance to ANVISA, the 
      Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency. In order to perform this study, it was 
      necessary to develop and validate a method by inductively coupled plasma optical 
      emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) analysis. For method validation, the parameters 
      linearity, limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs), accuracy and 
      precision were determined. Fifteen commercial samples of yoghurt, marketed in 
      Campinas - Sao Paulo (Brazil), were used for the analysis. The packaging and 
      yoghurt were digested in high-pressure ashing equipment (HPA) and the migration 
      of the elements into simulant were determined directly in the solution. The 
      validated method proved adequate and the results obtained showed that all the 
      packaging had levels of Hg and Cd below the LOQ, corresponding to 1.0 and 1.5 mug 
      l(-1), respectively. The highest levels of As and Pb were 0.87 and 462.3 mg 
      kg(-1), respectively. The migration of these elements to the yoghurt after 45 
      days of contact at 4 masculineC was below the LOQ for all the samples assessed. The 
      results of specific migration into 3% acetic acid simulant showed the 
      concentrations of Cd, Hg and As below 5, 5 and 10 microg kg(-1), respectively, which 
      are the maximum limits set by ANVISA. However, for three samples the packaging 
      lid showed migration of Pb into simulant ranging from 30.6 to 40.2 mug kg(-1), 
      exceeding the limit set by ANVISA of 10 mug kg(-1).
FAU - Kiyataka, Paulo Henrique M
AU  - Kiyataka PH
AD  - a Centro de Tecnologia de Embalagem , Instituto de Tecnologia de Alimentos , 
      13070-178 Campinas , SP , Brasil.
FAU - Dantas, Silvia T
AU  - Dantas ST
FAU - Pallone, Juliana Azevedo Lima
AU  - Pallone JA
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20140103
PL  - England
TA  - Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess
JT  - Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & 
      risk assessment
JID - 101485040
RN  - 0 (Coloring Agents)
RN  - 00BH33GNGH (Cadmium)
RN  - 2P299V784P (Lead)
RN  - 9002-88-4 (Polyethylene)
RN  - FXS1BY2PGL (Mercury)
RN  - N712M78A8G (Arsenic)
RN  - Q40Q9N063P (Acetic Acid)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acetic Acid
MH  - Arsenic/*analysis/toxicity
MH  - Brazil
MH  - Cadmium/*analysis/toxicity
MH  - Coloring Agents/analysis/toxicity
MH  - Food Contamination/*analysis
MH  - *Food Packaging
MH  - Food Safety
MH  - Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points
MH  - Humans
MH  - Lead/*analysis/toxicity
MH  - Limit of Detection
MH  - Mercury/*analysis/toxicity
MH  - Polyethylene
MH  - Spectrum Analysis/methods
MH  - Yogurt/*analysis/toxicity
EDAT- 2014/01/22 06:00
MHDA- 2014/09/27 06:00
CRDT- 2014/01/22 06:00
PHST- 2014/01/22 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/01/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/09/27 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1080/19440049.2013.855826 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2014;31(1):156-63. 
      doi: 10.1080/19440049.2013.855826. Epub 2014 Jan 3.