PMID- 24444829
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20141031
LR  - 20140303
IS  - 1873-7544 (Electronic)
IS  - 0306-4522 (Linking)
VI  - 263
DP  - 2014 Mar 28
TI  - Soft-diet feeding after weaning affects behavior in mice: Potential increase in 
      vulnerability to mental disorders.
PG  - 257-68
LID - S0306-4522(14)00003-7 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.12.065 [doi]
AB  - Mastication is one of the most important oral functions, and the period during 
      which mastication is acquired overlaps with the term of rapid development and 
      maturation of the neural systems. In particular, the acquisition period after 
      weaning is related to the potential onset of mental disorders. However, the roles 
      of mastication during this period for brain development remain largely unknown. 
      Therefore, we used a series of standard behavioral analyses, assessment of 
      hippocampal cell proliferation, and the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic 
      factor (BDNF), TrkB, and Akt1 in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of mice to 
      investigate the effects of post-weaning mastication on brain function. We fed 
      21-day-old C57BL6/J male mice either a hard or a soft diet for 4weeks and 
      conducted a series of standard behavioral tests from 7weeks of age. Further, 
      histological analysis with bromodeoxyuridine was performed to compare hippocampal 
      cell proliferation at 7 and 14weeks of age. Real-time polymerase chain reaction 
      was performed to compare BDNF, TrkB, and Akt1 expression in the hippocampus and 
      frontal cortex of 14-week-old mice. Compared to mice fed a hard diet (HDM), 
      soft-diet mice (SDM) showed behavioral impairments, including decreased home cage 
      activity, increased open field test activity, and deficits in prepulse 
      inhibition. These results were similar to those observed in mouse models of 
      schizophrenia. However, no effects were observed on anxiety-like behaviors or 
      memory/learning tests. Compared to HDM, SDM showed significantly decreased 
      hippocampal cell proliferation and hippocampal BDNF and Akt1 gene expression at 
      14weeks of age. A soft diet after weaning may have resulted in histological and 
      molecular changes in the hippocampus and influenced outcomes of behavioral tests 
      related to mental disorders. Our findings suggest that soft-diet feeding after 
      weaning may affect both physical and mental development of mice, and may increase 
      vulnerability to mental disorders.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2014 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Nose-Ishibashi, K
AU  - Nose-Ishibashi K
AD  - Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
FAU - Watahiki, J
AU  - Watahiki J
AD  - Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan. 
      Electronic address: junwata2000@ybb.ne.jp.
FAU - Yamada, K
AU  - Yamada K
AD  - Research Resource Center, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan.
FAU - Maekawa, M
AU  - Maekawa M
AD  - Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, 
      Japan.
FAU - Watanabe, A
AU  - Watanabe A
AD  - Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, 
      Japan.
FAU - Yamamoto, G
AU  - Yamamoto G
AD  - Department of Oral Pathology and Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, Showa 
      University, Tokyo, Japan.
FAU - Enomoto, A
AU  - Enomoto A
AD  - Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
FAU - Matsuba, Y
AU  - Matsuba Y
AD  - Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, 
      Japan.
FAU - Nampo, T
AU  - Nampo T
AD  - Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
FAU - Taguchi, T
AU  - Taguchi T
AD  - Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
FAU - Ichikawa, Y
AU  - Ichikawa Y
AD  - Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
FAU - Saido, T C
AU  - Saido TC
AD  - Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, 
      Japan.
FAU - Mishima, K
AU  - Mishima K
AD  - Department of Oral Pathology and Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, Showa 
      University, Tokyo, Japan.
FAU - Yamaguchi, Y
AU  - Yamaguchi Y
AD  - Neuroinformatics Japan Center, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan.
FAU - Yoshikawa, T
AU  - Yoshikawa T
AD  - Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, 
      Japan.
FAU - Maki, K
AU  - Maki K
AD  - Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20140118
PL  - United States
TA  - Neuroscience
JT  - Neuroscience
JID - 7605074
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Behavior, Animal/*physiology
MH  - Dentate Gyrus/physiology
MH  - *Diet
MH  - Male
MH  - Mastication/*physiology
MH  - Mental Disorders/*physiopathology
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred C57BL
MH  - Neurogenesis/physiology
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Weaning
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - behavioral analysis
OT  - brain-derived neurotrophic factor
OT  - mental disorder
OT  - neurogenesis
OT  - prepulse inhibition
OT  - soft-diet feeding
EDAT- 2014/01/22 06:00
MHDA- 2014/11/02 06:00
CRDT- 2014/01/22 06:00
PHST- 2013/07/25 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/12/28 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2013/12/31 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/01/22 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/01/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/11/02 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0306-4522(14)00003-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.12.065 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neuroscience. 2014 Mar 28;263:257-68. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.12.065. 
      Epub 2014 Jan 18.