PMID- 24452938
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150402
LR  - 20140123
IS  - 2284-0729 (Electronic)
IS  - 1128-3602 (Linking)
VI  - 18
IP  - 1
DP  - 2014
TI  - Rat embryo exposure to all-trans retinoic acid results in long-term cognitive 
      deficits.
PG  - 28-33
LID - 6446 [pii]
AB  - AIM: The present study examines in particular associative learning and aversive 
      memory abilities in adult Sprague Dawley rats exposed to all-trans retinoic acid 
      (ATRA) in the period spanning gestational days (GD) 11-13. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 
      The ATRA dosage of 2.5 mg/kg compatible with high neonatal survival, sufficient 
      to supply offspring for later behavioral testing, was used. RESULTS: The results 
      show that the GD 11-13 ATRA exposure compromises the ability of rats to learn an 
      active avoidance task. Indeed, unlike control rats, the ATRA-treated rats did not 
      improve in performance over blocks of training, the number of attempts they made 
      to avoid foot shock being significantly affected. The memory ability, assessed 
      with the passive avoidance paradigm, was not affected by ATRA exposure. 
      CONCLUSIONS: The results provide further evidence that, beyond gross CNS 
      malformations, gestational ATRA exposure induces long-term cognitive deficits in 
      the offspring, thus raising further warning for better control of retinoid safety 
      during pregnancy, an aspect relevant to human health protection within the 
      regulatory environment.
FAU - Borracci, P
AU  - Borracci P
AD  - Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Pharmacology Section, 
      School of Medicine, Bari University "Aldo Moro", Polyclinic, Bari, Italy. 
      mariarosaria.carratu@uniba.it.
FAU - Carratu, M R
AU  - Carratu MR
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - Italy
TA  - Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci
JT  - European review for medical and pharmacological sciences
JID - 9717360
RN  - 0 (Antineoplastic Agents)
RN  - 5688UTC01R (Tretinoin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antineoplastic Agents/*adverse effects
MH  - Avoidance Learning/drug effects
MH  - Cognition Disorders/*chemically induced
MH  - Embryo, Mammalian
MH  - Female
MH  - Male
MH  - Memory/drug effects
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - *Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - Reproduction/drug effects
MH  - Tretinoin/*adverse effects
EDAT- 2014/01/24 06:00
MHDA- 2015/04/04 06:00
CRDT- 2014/01/24 06:00
PHST- 2014/01/24 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/01/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/04/04 06:00 [medline]
AID - 6446 [pii]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2014;18(1):28-33.