PMID- 24457328
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140926
LR  - 20140124
IS  - 1748-605X (Electronic)
IS  - 1748-6041 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 1
DP  - 2014 Feb
TI  - Strategies for the chemical analysis of highly porous bone scaffolds using 
      secondary ion mass spectrometry.
PG  - 015013
LID - 10.1088/1748-6041/9/1/015013 [doi]
AB  - Understanding the distribution of critical elements (e.g. silicon and calcium) 
      within silica-based bone scaffolds synthesized by different methods is central to 
      the optimization of these materials. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass 
      spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) has been used to determine this information due to its 
      very high surface sensitivity and its ability to map all the elements and 
      compounds in the periodic table with high spatial resolution. The SIMS image data 
      can also be combined with depth profiles to construct three-dimensional chemical 
      maps. However, the scaffolds have interconnected pore networks, which are very 
      challenging structures for the SIMS technique. To overcome this problem two 
      experimental methodologies have been developed. The first method involved the use 
      of the focused ion beam technique to obtain clear images of the regions of 
      interest and subsequently mark them by introducing fiducial marks; the samples 
      were then analysed using the ToF-SIMS technique to yield the chemical analyses of 
      the regions of interest. The second method involved impregnating the pores using 
      a suitable reagent so that a flat surface could be achieved, and this was 
      followed by secondary ion mapping and 3D chemical imaging with ToF-SIMS. The 
      samples used in this work were sol-gel 70S30C foam and electrospun fibres and 
      calcium-containing silica/gelatin hybrid scaffolds. The results demonstrate the 
      feasibility of both these experimental methodologies and indicate that these 
      methods can provide an opportunity to compare various artificial bone scaffolds, 
      which will be of help in improving scaffold synthesis and processing routes. The 
      techniques are also transferable to many other types of porous material.
FAU - Wang, Daming
AU  - Wang D
AD  - Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, 
      London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
FAU - Poologasundarampillai, Gowsihan
AU  - Poologasundarampillai G
FAU - van den Bergh, Wouter
AU  - van den Bergh W
FAU - Chater, Richard J
AU  - Chater RJ
FAU - Kasuga, Toshihiro
AU  - Kasuga T
FAU - Jones, Julian R
AU  - Jones JR
FAU - McPhail, David S
AU  - McPhail DS
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20140123
PL  - England
TA  - Biomed Mater
JT  - Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)
JID - 101285195
RN  - 0 (Ions)
RN  - 7631-86-9 (Silicon Dioxide)
RN  - 9000-70-8 (Gelatin)
RN  - SY7Q814VUP (Calcium)
SB  - IM
MH  - Bone and Bones/*pathology
MH  - Calcium/chemistry
MH  - Gelatin/chemistry
MH  - Glass/chemistry
MH  - Ions/chemistry
MH  - Materials Testing
MH  - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
MH  - *Porosity
MH  - Silicon Dioxide/chemistry
MH  - *Spectrometry, Mass, Secondary Ion
MH  - Tissue Scaffolds/*chemistry
EDAT- 2014/01/25 06:00
MHDA- 2014/09/27 06:00
CRDT- 2014/01/25 06:00
PHST- 2014/01/25 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/01/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/09/27 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1088/1748-6041/9/1/015013 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Biomed Mater. 2014 Feb;9(1):015013. doi: 10.1088/1748-6041/9/1/015013. Epub 2014 
      Jan 23.