PMID- 24467931
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160125
LR  - 20220316
IS  - 1469-8978 (Electronic)
IS  - 0033-2917 (Linking)
VI  - 44
IP  - 11
DP  - 2014 Aug
TI  - Altered plasma glutathione levels in bipolar disorder indicates higher oxidative 
      stress; a possible risk factor for illness onset despite normal brain-derived 
      neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels.
PG  - 2409-18
LID - 10.1017/S0033291714000014 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress and neurotrophic factors have been implicated in the 
      pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. Our objective was to determine whether 
      plasma glutathione or brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were 
      abnormal in bipolar disorder and therefore useful as possible biomarkers. METHOD: 
      Blood samples were collected from subsyndromal, medicated bipolar I patients 
      (n = 50), recruited from OXTEXT, University of Oxford, and from 50 matched 
      healthy controls. Total and oxidized glutathione levels were measured using an 
      enzymatic recycling method and used to calculate reduced, percentage oxidized, 
      ratio of reduced:oxidized and redox state. BDNF was measured using an 
      enzyme-linked immunoassay. Self-monitored mood scores for the bipolar group were 
      available (Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology and the Altman 
      Self-Rating Mania Scale) over an 8-week period. RESULTS: Compared with controls, 
      bipolar patients had significantly lower levels of total glutathione and it was 
      more oxidized. BDNF levels were not different. Age of illness onset but not 
      current mood state correlated with total glutathione levels and its oxidation 
      status, so that lower levels of total and reduced glutathione were associated 
      with later onset of disease, not length of illness. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma 
      glutathione levels and redox state detect oxidative stress even in subsyndromal 
      patients with normal BDNF. It may relate to the onset and development of bipolar 
      disorder. Plasma glutathione appears to be a suitable biomarker for detecting 
      underlying oxidative stress and for evaluating the efficacy of antioxidant 
      intervention studies.
FAU - Rosa, A R
AU  - Rosa AR
AD  - Bipolar Disorders Program, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic,University 
      of Barcelona,IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM,Spain.
FAU - Singh, N
AU  - Singh N
AD  - Department of Pharmacology,University of Oxford,Oxford,UK.
FAU - Whitaker, E
AU  - Whitaker E
AD  - Department of Pharmacology,University of Oxford,Oxford,UK.
FAU - de Brito, M
AU  - de Brito M
AD  - Department of Pharmacology,University of Oxford,Oxford,UK.
FAU - Lewis, A M
AU  - Lewis AM
AD  - Department of Pharmacology,University of Oxford,Oxford,UK.
FAU - Vieta, E
AU  - Vieta E
AD  - Bipolar Disorders Program, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic,University 
      of Barcelona,IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM,Spain.
FAU - Churchill, G C
AU  - Churchill GC
AD  - Department of Pharmacology,University of Oxford,Oxford,UK.
FAU - Geddes, J R
AU  - Geddes JR
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital,University of Oxford,Oxford,UK.
FAU - Goodwin, G M
AU  - Goodwin GM
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital,University of Oxford,Oxford,UK.
LA  - eng
GR  - BB/I532929/1/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United 
      Kingdom
GR  - RP-PG-0108-10087/DH_/Department of Health/United Kingdom
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20140127
PL  - England
TA  - Psychol Med
JT  - Psychological medicine
JID - 1254142
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor)
RN  - 7171WSG8A2 (BDNF protein, human)
RN  - GAN16C9B8O (Glutathione)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Age of Onset
MH  - Biomarkers/blood
MH  - Bipolar Disorder/*blood
MH  - Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/*blood
MH  - Female
MH  - Glutathione/*blood
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Oxidative Stress/*physiology
MH  - Risk Factors
EDAT- 2014/01/29 06:00
MHDA- 2016/01/26 06:00
CRDT- 2014/01/29 06:00
PHST- 2014/01/29 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/01/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/01/26 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0033291714000014 [pii]
AID - 10.1017/S0033291714000014 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Psychol Med. 2014 Aug;44(11):2409-18. doi: 10.1017/S0033291714000014. Epub 2014 
      Jan 27.