PMID- 24478077
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140408
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1098-5522 (Electronic)
IS  - 0019-9567 (Print)
IS  - 0019-9567 (Linking)
VI  - 82
IP  - 2
DP  - 2014 Feb
TI  - A toxoplasma patatin-like protein changes localization and alters the cytokine 
      response during toxoplasmic encephalitis.
PG  - 618-25
LID - 10.1128/IAI.00444-13 [doi]
AB  - Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that forms a lifelong 
      infection within the central nervous system of its host. The T. gondii genome 
      encodes six members of the patatin-like phospholipase family; related proteins 
      are associated with host-microbe interactions in bacteria. T. gondii patatin-like 
      protein 1 (TgPL1) was previously determined to be necessary for parasites to 
      suppress nitric oxide and prevent degradation in activated macrophages. Here, we 
      show that in the rapidly replicating tachyzoite stage, TgPL1 is localized within 
      vesicles inside the parasite that are distinct from the dense granules; however, 
      in the encysted bradyzoite stage, TgPL1 localizes to the parasitophorous vacuole 
      (PV) and cyst wall. While we had not previously seen a defect of the TgPL1 
      deletion mutant (DeltaTgPL1) during acute and early chronic infection, the 
      localization change of TgPL1 in bradyzoites caused us to reevaluate the DeltaTgPL1 
      mutant during late chronic infection and in a toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) mouse 
      model. Mice infected with DeltaTgPL1 are more resistant to TE and have fewer 
      inflammatory lesions than mice infected with the wild type and DeltaTgPL1 genetically 
      complemented with TgPL1. This increased resistance to TE could result from 
      several contributing factors. First, we found that DeltaTgPL1 bradyzoites did not 
      convert back to tachyzoites readily in tissue culture. Second, a subset of 
      cytokine levels were higher in DeltaTgPL1-infected mice, including gamma interferon 
      (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and monocyte 
      chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1). These studies suggest that TgPL1 plays a role in 
      the maintenance of chronic T. gondii infection.
FAU - Tobin Magle, Crystal
AU  - Tobin Magle C
AD  - Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of 
      Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
FAU - Pittman, Kelly J
AU  - Pittman KJ
FAU - Moser, Lindsey A
AU  - Moser LA
FAU - Boldon, Kyle M
AU  - Boldon KM
FAU - Knoll, Laura J
AU  - Knoll LJ
LA  - eng
GR  - T32 AI007414/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - GM072125/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20131125
PL  - United States
TA  - Infect Immun
JT  - Infection and immunity
JID - 0246127
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Protozoan Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Virulence Factors)
RN  - EC 3.1.- (Phospholipases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cytokines/*metabolism
MH  - Gene Deletion
MH  - Genetic Complementation Test
MH  - Host-Pathogen Interactions
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred C57BL
MH  - Phospholipases/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Protozoan Proteins/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Toxoplasma/*enzymology
MH  - Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral/*immunology
MH  - Virulence Factors/genetics/metabolism
PMC - PMC3911373
EDAT- 2014/01/31 06:00
MHDA- 2014/04/09 06:00
PMCR- 2014/08/01
CRDT- 2014/01/31 06:00
PHST- 2014/01/31 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/01/31 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/04/09 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2014/08/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - IAI.00444-13 [pii]
AID - 00444-13 [pii]
AID - 10.1128/IAI.00444-13 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Infect Immun. 2014 Feb;82(2):618-25. doi: 10.1128/IAI.00444-13. Epub 2013 Nov 25.