PMID- 24487790
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140514
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1432-2307 (Electronic)
IS  - 0945-6317 (Linking)
VI  - 464
IP  - 3
DP  - 2014 Mar
TI  - Prognostic prostate tissue biomarkers of potential clinical use.
PG  - 293-300
LID - 10.1007/s00428-014-1540-7 [doi]
AB  - In prostate biopsies and in prostatectomy specimens, the Gleason score remains 
      the strongest prognosticator of prostate cancer progression, in addition to serum 
      PSA level and DRE findings, in spite of numerous potential biomarkers discovered 
      during the last few decades. Inter- and intratumoural heterogeneity may have 
      limited the employment of tissue biomarkers on prostate biopsies. Nevertheless, 
      the monoclonality of morphologically heterogeneous (Gleason score 7) tumour foci 
      would suggest that genetic biomarkers, arising early in prostate carcinogenesis, 
      may overcome issues related to intratumoural heterogeneity. In spite of the above 
      limitations, a few biomarkers including the proliferation marker Ki-67 and 
      genetic markers such as c-MYC and PTEN have consistently shown their independent 
      prognostic impact both for biochemical recurrence and for clinical outcome 
      parameters such as metastatic disease or prostate-specific mortality. The routine 
      application of biomarkers requiring immunostaining (e.g. Ki-67) has particularly 
      been hindered by the lack of standardized protocols for processing and scoring, 
      while the application of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technology is 
      considered more labour intensive but better standardized. Future steps to enhance 
      the uptake of prostate tissue biomarkers should be focused on prospective 
      studies, particularly on prostate biopsy specimens, using protocols that are 
      highly standardized for the processing and scoring of the biomarkers. A few 
      recently developed RNA-based test signatures may provide an alternative to FISH 
      or immunohistochemistry-based tests.
FAU - Van der Kwast, Theodorus H
AU  - Van der Kwast TH
AD  - Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center and Laboratory Medicine 
      and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, 
      theo.vdkwast@uhn.on.ca.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20140201
PL  - Germany
TA  - Virchows Arch
JT  - Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology
JID - 9423843
RN  - 63231-63-0 (RNA)
RN  - EC 3.4.21.77 (Prostate-Specific Antigen)
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
MH  - Male
MH  - Prognosis
MH  - Prostate-Specific Antigen/*blood/genetics
MH  - Prostatectomy/methods
MH  - Prostatic Neoplasms/*diagnosis/genetics/therapy
MH  - RNA/analysis
EDAT- 2014/02/04 06:00
MHDA- 2014/05/16 06:00
CRDT- 2014/02/04 06:00
PHST- 2013/10/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/01/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/01/02 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2014/02/04 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/02/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/05/16 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1007/s00428-014-1540-7 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Virchows Arch. 2014 Mar;464(3):293-300. doi: 10.1007/s00428-014-1540-7. Epub 2014 
      Feb 1.