PMID- 24517231
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140616
LR  - 20220817
IS  - 1945-7170 (Electronic)
IS  - 0013-7227 (Linking)
VI  - 155
IP  - 5
DP  - 2014 May
TI  - Coevolution of the spexin/galanin/kisspeptin family: Spexin activates galanin 
      receptor type II and III.
PG  - 1864-73
LID - 10.1210/en.2013-2106 [doi]
AB  - The novel neuropeptide spexin (SPX) was discovered using bioinformatics. The 
      function of this peptide is currently under investigation. Here, we identified 
      SPX along with a second SPX gene (SPX2) in vertebrate genomes. Syntenic analysis 
      and relocating SPXs and their neighbor genes on reconstructed vertebrate 
      ancestral chromosomes revealed that SPXs reside in the near vicinity of the 
      kisspeptin (KISS) and galanin (GAL) family genes on the chromosomes. Alignment of 
      mature peptide sequences showed some extent of sequence similarity among the 3 
      peptide groups. Gene structure analysis indicated that SPX is more closely 
      related to GAL than KISS. These results suggest that the SPX, GAL, and KISS genes 
      arose through local duplications before 2 rounds (2R) of whole-genome 
      duplication. Receptors of KISS and GAL (GAL receptor [GALR]) are phylogenetically 
      closest among rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptors, and synteny revealed 
      the presence of 3 distinct receptor families KISS receptor, GALR1, and GALR2/3 
      before 2R. A ligand-receptor interaction study showed that SPXs activate human, 
      Xenopus, and zebrafish GALR2/3 family receptors but not GALR1, suggesting that 
      SPXs are natural ligands for GALR2/3. Particularly, SPXs exhibited much higher 
      potency toward GALR3 than GAL. Together, these results identify the coevolution 
      of SPX/GAL/KISS ligand genes with their receptor genes. This study demonstrates 
      the advantage of evolutionary genomics to explore the evolutionary relationship 
      of a peptide gene family that arose before 2R by local duplications.
FAU - Kim, Dong-Kyu
AU  - Kim DK
AD  - Graduate School of Medicine (D.-K.K., S.Y., G.H.S., J.-I.H., C.R.P., J.Y.S.), 
      Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea; Department of Life Science 
      (J.I.K.), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic 
      of Korea; School of Biological Sciences (K.K.), Seoul National University, Seoul 
      151-742, Republic of Korea; and Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine 
      Differentiation and Communication (H.V.), Inserm U982, University of Rouen, 76821 
      Mont-St-Aignan, France.
FAU - Yun, Seongsik
AU  - Yun S
FAU - Son, Gi Hoon
AU  - Son GH
FAU - Hwang, Jong-Ik
AU  - Hwang JI
FAU - Park, Cho Rong
AU  - Park CR
FAU - Kim, Jae Il
AU  - Kim JI
FAU - Kim, Kyungjin
AU  - Kim K
FAU - Vaudry, Hubert
AU  - Vaudry H
FAU - Seong, Jae Young
AU  - Seong JY
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20140211
PL  - United States
TA  - Endocrinology
JT  - Endocrinology
JID - 0375040
RN  - 0 (GAL protein, human)
RN  - 0 (KISS1 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (KISS1R protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Kisspeptins)
RN  - 0 (Ligands)
RN  - 0 (Neuropeptides)
RN  - 0 (Peptide Hormones)
RN  - 0 (Protein Isoforms)
RN  - 0 (Receptor, Galanin, Type 1)
RN  - 0 (Receptor, Galanin, Type 2)
RN  - 0 (Receptor, Galanin, Type 3)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Kisspeptin-1)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Proteins)
RN  - 0 (SPX protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Zebrafish Proteins)
RN  - 88813-36-9 (Galanin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Chromosome Mapping
MH  - Databases, Nucleic Acid
MH  - Databases, Protein
MH  - *Evolution, Molecular
MH  - Galanin/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Gene Duplication
MH  - HEK293 Cells
MH  - Humans
MH  - Kisspeptins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Ligands
MH  - Neuropeptides/chemistry/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Peptide Hormones/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - Protein Isoforms/chemistry/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Receptor, Galanin, Type 1/agonists/chemistry/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Receptor, Galanin, Type 2/*agonists/chemistry/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Receptor, Galanin, Type 3/*agonists/chemistry/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/chemistry/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Receptors, Kisspeptin-1
MH  - Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism
MH  - Sequence Alignment
MH  - Synteny
MH  - Zebrafish Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism
EDAT- 2014/02/13 06:00
MHDA- 2014/06/17 06:00
CRDT- 2014/02/13 06:00
PHST- 2014/02/13 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/02/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/06/17 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1210/en.2013-2106 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Endocrinology. 2014 May;155(5):1864-73. doi: 10.1210/en.2013-2106. Epub 2014 Feb 
      11.