PMID- 24532485
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150713
LR  - 20141126
IS  - 1099-1263 (Electronic)
IS  - 0260-437X (Linking)
VI  - 35
IP  - 1
DP  - 2015 Jan
TI  - Development and utilization of an ex vivo bromodeoxyuridine local lymph node 
      assay protocol for assessing potential chemical sensitizers.
PG  - 29-40
LID - 10.1002/jat.2983 [doi]
AB  - The murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) is widely used to identify chemicals 
      that may cause allergic contact dermatitis. Exposure to a dermal sensitizer 
      results in proliferation of local lymph node T cells, which has traditionally 
      been measured by in vivo incorporation of [(3) H]methyl thymidine. A more recent 
      non-isotopic variation of the assay utilizes bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) 
      incorporation in vivo. To further improve the utility of this assay, we developed 
      an ex vivo BrdU labeling procedure eliminating the need for in vivo injections. 
      The results of this assay correctly identified a strong sensitizer (i.e., 
      trimellitic anhydride) as well as weak/moderate sensitizers (i.e., eugenol, 
      cinnamaldehyde and hexylcinnaminic aldehyde). As anticipated, neither 
      non-sensitizers isopropanol and lactic acid nor the false negative chemical 
      nickel II sulfate hexahydrate induced a positive threshold response in the assay. 
      The results of this assay are in close agreement with those of the in vivo 
      LLNA:BrdU-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay labeling procedure. We also used the 
      ex vivo BrdU LLNA procedure to evaluate ammonium hexachloroplatinate, ammonium 
      tetrachloroplatinate and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) and the assay correctly 
      identified them as sensitizers based on the calculation of EC2 values. We 
      conclude that this ex vivo BrdU labeling method offers predictive capacity 
      comparable to previously established LLNA protocols while eliminating animal 
      injections and the use of radioisotope. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. 
      Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
CI  - Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public 
      domain in the USA.
FAU - Williams, W C
AU  - Williams WC
AD  - Cardiopulmonary and Immunotoxicology Branch, Environmental Public Health 
      Division, National Health, and Environmental Effects Laboratory (NHEERL), US 
      Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
FAU - Copeland, C
AU  - Copeland C
FAU - Boykin, E
AU  - Boykin E
FAU - Quell, S J
AU  - Quell SJ
FAU - Lehmann, D M
AU  - Lehmann DM
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20140214
PL  - England
TA  - J Appl Toxicol
JT  - Journal of applied toxicology : JAT
JID - 8109495
RN  - 0 (Allergens)
RN  - G34N38R2N1 (Bromodeoxyuridine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Allergens/*toxicity
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Bromodeoxyuridine/metabolism
MH  - Cell Proliferation/drug effects
MH  - Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/*etiology/immunology
MH  - Endpoint Determination
MH  - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
MH  - Female
MH  - *Local Lymph Node Assay
MH  - Lymph Nodes/*drug effects/immunology
MH  - Lymphocyte Count
MH  - Mice, Inbred BALB C
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH  - T-Lymphocytes/drug effects/immunology
MH  - Toxicity Tests
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU)
OT  - Local lymph node assay
OT  - ex vivo
OT  - platinum
OT  - skin sensitization
EDAT- 2014/02/18 06:00
MHDA- 2015/07/15 06:00
CRDT- 2014/02/18 06:00
PHST- 2013/11/12 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/12/04 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2013/12/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/02/18 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/02/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/07/15 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1002/jat.2983 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Appl Toxicol. 2015 Jan;35(1):29-40. doi: 10.1002/jat.2983. Epub 2014 Feb 14.