PMID- 24563652
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140224
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1687-8876 (Print)
IS  - 1687-8884 (Electronic)
IS  - 1687-8876 (Linking)
VI  - 2014
DP  - 2014
TI  - Lithium improves survival of PC12 pheochromocytoma cells in high-density cultures 
      and after exposure to toxic compounds.
PG  - 135908
LID - 10.1155/2014/135908 [doi]
LID - 135908
AB  - Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved mechanism that allows for the degradation 
      of long-lived proteins and entire organelles which are driven to lysosomes for 
      digestion. Different kinds of stressful conditions such as starvation are able to 
      induce autophagy. Lithium and rapamycin are potent autophagy inducers with 
      different molecular targets. Lithium stimulates autophagy by decreasing the 
      intracellular myo-inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate levels, while rapamycin acts 
      through the inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). The 
      correlation between autophagy and cell death is still a matter of debate 
      especially in transformed cells. In fact, the execution of autophagy can protect 
      cells from death by promptly removing damaged organelles such as mitochondria. 
      Nevertheless, an excessive use of the autophagic machinery can drive cells to 
      death via a sort of self-cannibalism. Our data show that lithium (used within its 
      therapeutic window) stimulates the overgrowth of the rat Pheochromocytoma cell 
      line PC12. Besides, lithium and rapamycin protect PC12 cells from toxic compounds 
      such as thapsigargin and trimethyltin. Taken together these data indicate that 
      pharmacological activation of autophagy allows for the survival of 
      Pheochromocytoma cells in stressful conditions such as high-density cultures and 
      exposure to toxins.
FAU - Fabrizi, Cinzia
AU  - Fabrizi C
AD  - Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza 
      University, Via A. Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy.
FAU - De Vito, Stefania
AU  - De Vito S
AD  - Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza 
      University, Via A. Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy.
FAU - Somma, Francesca
AU  - Somma F
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1003-4610
AD  - Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza 
      University, Via A. Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy.
FAU - Pompili, Elena
AU  - Pompili E
AD  - Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza 
      University, Via A. Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy.
FAU - Catizone, Angela
AU  - Catizone A
AD  - Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza 
      University, Via A. Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy.
FAU - Leone, Stefano
AU  - Leone S
AD  - Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy.
FAU - Lenzi, Paola
AU  - Lenzi P
AD  - Department of Human Morphology and Applied Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, 
      Italy.
FAU - Fornai, Francesco
AU  - Fornai F
AD  - Department of Human Morphology and Applied Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, 
      Italy ; I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.
FAU - Fumagalli, Lorenzo
AU  - Fumagalli L
AD  - Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza 
      University, Via A. Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20140120
PL  - United States
TA  - Int J Cell Biol
JT  - International journal of cell biology
JID - 101517861
PMC - PMC3915898
EDAT- 2014/02/25 06:00
MHDA- 2014/02/25 06:01
PMCR- 2014/01/20
CRDT- 2014/02/25 06:00
PHST- 2013/10/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/11/20 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/02/25 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/02/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/02/25 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2014/01/20 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1155/2014/135908 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Int J Cell Biol. 2014;2014:135908. doi: 10.1155/2014/135908. Epub 2014 Jan 20.