PMID- 24579719
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140922
LR  - 20140303
IS  - 1445-6354 (Electronic)
IS  - 1445-6354 (Linking)
VI  - 14
DP  - 2014
TI  - Hope of rural women caregivers of persons with advanced cancer: guilt, 
      self-efficacy and mental health.
PG  - 2561
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Caring for a person with advanced disease can have a detrimental 
      impact on the quality of life of family caregivers. This is further compounded in 
      rural areas that have few or no palliative care services. Hope has a positive 
      influence on the quality of life of family caregivers of persons with advanced 
      cancer but factors influencing hope specifically in rural women caregivers of 
      persons with advanced cancer have not been examined. PURPOSE: The purpose of this 
      study was to determine factors influencing the hope of rural women caring for 
      persons with advanced cancer, by examining the relationship of hope with 
      demographic variables, self-efficacy, guilt, and caregiver physical and mental 
      health. METHODS: A cross-sectional prospective correlational design was used. 
      Inclusion criteria for the study were: (a) female, (b) 18 years of age or older, 
      (c) caring for a person diagnosed with advanced cancer, (d) home address with a 
      rural postal code, and (e) English-speaking. Using a modified Dillman technique, 
      surveys and an invitation to participate were mailed to 780 persons with advanced 
      cancer living in rural areas using two western Canadian provincial cancer 
      registries. A reminder card was sent 4 weeks later. The persons with advanced 
      cancer were asked to give the survey to their primary caregiver to complete. 
      Surveys included measures of hope (Herth Hope Index (HHI)), general self-efficacy 
      (General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES)), grief (Non Death Version Revised Grief 
      Experience Inventory (NDRGEI)), mental and physical health (Short Form Health 
      Survey Version 2 (SF-12v2)), and demographic data such as their relationship to 
      the person for whom the caregiver was caring. Data were entered into the 
      Statistical Package for the Social Sciences v19 (SPSS) and analyzed using 
      generalized linear modeling. RESULTS: Significant factors (p </= 0.05) influencing 
      HHI scores were GSES ( p </= 0.0001), NDRGEI subscale (p=0.001), and SF-12v2 mental 
      health summary scores (p=0.002). Participants with higher GSES, lower NDRGEI, and 
      higher SF-12v2 mental health summary scores had higher HHI scores. The SF-12v2 
      physical health summary mean score of 43.30 (standard deviation (SD)=4.63) was 
      below the 25th percentile (46.53) of US population norms. The SF-12v2 mental 
      health summary mean score of 45.24 (SD=5.98) was just above the 25th percentile 
      of US population norms (45.13). CONCLUSION: Participants with higher hope scores 
      had higher mental health scores, lower perceptions of loss and grief scores, and 
      higher scores in their confidence in their ability to deal with difficult 
      situations (self-efficacy). The significant relationships found between hope and 
      mental health, general self-efficacy, and perceptions of guilt provide a 
      foundation for future research and underscore the importance of hope to rural 
      women caregivers. The low physical and mental health scores of rural women 
      caregivers are of concern and highlight the need to support this population.
FAU - Duggleby, W D
AU  - Duggleby WD
AD  - Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. 
      wendy.duggleby@ualberta.ca.
FAU - Williams, A
AU  - Williams A
AD  - School of Geography and Earth Science McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, 
      Canada. awill@mcmaster.ca.
FAU - Holstlander, L
AU  - Holstlander L
AD  - College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. 
      lorraine.holtslander@usask.ca.
FAU - Thomas, R
AU  - Thomas R
AD  - University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. roanne.thomas@uOttawa.ca.
FAU - Cooper, D
AU  - Cooper D
AD  - Regina Qu'Appelle Health Region. Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. 
      dan.cooper@rqhealth.ca.
FAU - Hallstrom, L K
AU  - Hallstrom LK
AD  - Alberta Center for Sustainable Rural Communities, Alberta, Canada. 
      lars.hallstrom@ualberta.ca.
FAU - Ghosh, S
AU  - Ghosh S
AD  - Cross Cancer Institute. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. sunita.ghosh@ualberta.ca.
FAU - O-Rourke, H
AU  - O-Rourke H
AD  - Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. 
      hannah.orourke@ualberta.ca.
LA  - eng
GR  - Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20140303
PL  - Australia
TA  - Rural Remote Health
JT  - Rural and remote health
JID - 101174860
SB  - IM
MH  - Aged
MH  - Caregivers/*psychology
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Female
MH  - Grief
MH  - *Guilt
MH  - Health Status
MH  - Hope
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Mental Health
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Neoplasms/*psychology
MH  - Quality of Life
MH  - Saskatchewan/epidemiology
MH  - *Self Efficacy
MH  - Socioeconomic Factors
MH  - Women's Health
EDAT- 2014/03/04 06:00
MHDA- 2014/09/23 06:00
CRDT- 2014/03/04 06:00
PHST- 2014/03/04 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/03/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/09/23 06:00 [medline]
AID - 2561 [pii]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Rural Remote Health. 2014;14:2561. Epub 2014 Mar 3.