PMID- 24583029
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20141201
LR  - 20161125
IS  - 1872-9096 (Electronic)
IS  - 0166-3542 (Linking)
VI  - 105
DP  - 2014 May
TI  - Inhibition of replication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 
      by hemin is highly dependent on heme oxygenase-1, but independent of iron in 
      MARC-145 cells.
PG  - 39-46
LID - S0166-3542(14)00053-9 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.02.010 [doi]
AB  - Current vaccines against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 
      (PRRSV) have failed to provide sustainable disease control, and development of 
      new antiviral strategies is of great importance. The present study investigated 
      the mechanism of the antiviral effect of hemin during PRRSV infection in MARC-145 
      cells. Hemin, a commercial preparation of heme, is used as an iron donor or heme 
      oxygenase 1 (HO-1) inducer, and has been shown to provide antiviral activity in 
      many studies. In the current study, the anti-PRRSV activity of hemin was 
      identified through suppressing PRRSV propagation. The 50% inhibitory 
      concentration (IC50) of hemin antiviral activity was estimated to be 32muM, and 
      the 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of hemin was found to be higher than 
      125muM. Further study showed that the antiviral activity of hemin is independent 
      of iron. In addition, after treatment with Protoporphyrin IX zinc (II) (ZnPP) or 
      Sn (IV) Protoporphyrin IX dichloride (SnPP), inhibitors of HO-1, the inhibition 
      of viral replication by hemin was partially reversed. Additionally, it was 
      confirmed that hemin and N-acetyl cysteine were able to significantly reduce 
      reactive oxygen species (ROS) in MARC-145 cells infected with virus. 
      N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), however, did not produce a reduction in viral load or 
      promote expression of HO-1. Taken together, these data indicate that the effect 
      of hemin on the inhibition of PRRSV propagation via HO-1 induction, as well as 
      the antiviral mechanism of HO-1, is not dependent on decreased levels of ROS. In 
      conclusion, these data demonstrate that hemin had antiviral activity against 
      PRRSV and may serve as a useful antiviral agent inhibiting PRRSV replication.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Wang, Liangliang
AU  - Wang L
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen 
      University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
FAU - Xiao, Shuqi
AU  - Xiao S
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen 
      University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
FAU - Gao, Jintao
AU  - Gao J
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen 
      University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
FAU - Liu, Meirui
AU  - Liu M
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen 
      University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
FAU - Zhang, Xiaoyu
AU  - Zhang X
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen 
      University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
FAU - Li, Ming
AU  - Li M
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen 
      University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
FAU - Zhao, Guangyin
AU  - Zhao G
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen 
      University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
FAU - Mo, Delin
AU  - Mo D
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen 
      University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
FAU - Liu, Xiaohong
AU  - Liu X
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen 
      University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
FAU - Chen, Yaosheng
AU  - Chen Y
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen 
      University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China. Electronic address: 
      chyaosh@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20140225
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Antiviral Res
JT  - Antiviral research
JID - 8109699
RN  - 0 (Antiviral Agents)
RN  - 0 (Reactive Oxygen Species)
RN  - 743LRP9S7N (Hemin)
RN  - E1UOL152H7 (Iron)
RN  - EC 1.14.14.18 (Heme Oxygenase-1)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antiviral Agents/*metabolism
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Heme Oxygenase-1/*metabolism
MH  - Hemin/*metabolism
MH  - Inhibitory Concentration 50
MH  - Iron/*metabolism
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/*drug effects/*physiology
MH  - Reactive Oxygen Species/analysis
MH  - Swine
MH  - Viral Load
MH  - Virus Replication/*drug effects
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Heme oxygenase-1
OT  - Hemin
OT  - Iron
OT  - PRRSV
OT  - ROS
EDAT- 2014/03/04 06:00
MHDA- 2014/12/15 06:00
CRDT- 2014/03/04 06:00
PHST- 2013/11/03 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/01/19 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2014/02/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/03/04 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/03/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/12/15 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0166-3542(14)00053-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.02.010 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antiviral Res. 2014 May;105:39-46. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.02.010. Epub 
      2014 Feb 25.