PMID- 24587387
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150626
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 2
DP  - 2014
TI  - Diversifying selection on the thrombospondin-related adhesive protein (TRAP) gene 
      of Plasmodium falciparum in Thailand.
PG  - e90522
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0090522 [doi]
LID - e90522
AB  - Sporozoites of Plasmodium falciparum are transmitted to human hosts by Anopheles 
      mosquitoes. Thrombospondin-related adhesive protein (TRAP) is expressed in 
      sporozoites and plays a crucial role in sporozoite gliding and invasion of human 
      hepatocytes. A previous study showed that the TRAP gene has been subjected to 
      balancing selection in the Gambian P. falciparum population. To further study the 
      molecular evolution of the TRAP gene in Plasmodium falciparum, we investigated 
      TRAP polymorphisms in P. falciparum isolates from Suan Phueng District in 
      Ratchaburi Province, Thailand. The analysis of the entire TRAP coding sequences 
      in 32 isolates identified a total of 39 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 
      which comprised 37 nonsynonymous and two synonymous SNPs. McDonald-Kreitman test 
      showed that the ratio of the number of nonsynonymous to synonymous polymorphic 
      sites within P. falciparum was significantly higher than that of the number of 
      nonsynonymous to synonymous fixed sites between P. falciparum and P. reichenowi. 
      Furthermore, the rate of nonsynonymous substitution was significantly higher than 
      that of synonymous substitution within Thai P. falciparum. These results indicate 
      that the TRAP gene has been subject to diversifying selection in the Thai P. 
      falciparum population as well as the Gambian P. falciparum population. Comparison 
      of our P. falciparum isolates with those from another region of Thailand (Tak 
      province, Thailand) revealed that TRAP was highly differentiated between 
      geographically close regions. This rapid diversification seems to reflect strong 
      recent positive selection on TRAP. Our results suggest that the TRAP molecule is 
      a major target of the human immune response to pre-erythrocytic stages of P. 
      falciparum.
FAU - Ohashi, Jun
AU  - Ohashi J
AD  - Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 
      Ibaraki, Japan.
FAU - Suzuki, Yuji
AU  - Suzuki Y
AD  - Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 
      Ibaraki, Japan.
FAU - Naka, Izumi
AU  - Naka I
AD  - Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 
      Ibaraki, Japan.
FAU - Hananantachai, Hathairad
AU  - Hananantachai H
AD  - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol 
      University, Bangkok, Thailand.
FAU - Patarapotikul, Jintana
AU  - Patarapotikul J
AD  - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol 
      University, Bangkok, Thailand.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20140228
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (Protozoan Proteins)
RN  - 120300-02-9 (thrombospondin-related adhesive protein, protozoan)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Erythrocytes/immunology/parasitology
MH  - Gene Frequency
MH  - Genetic Variation/immunology
MH  - Genotype
MH  - Hepatocytes/immunology/parasitology
MH  - Host-Parasite Interactions/immunology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Malaria, Falciparum/*immunology/parasitology
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - Plasmodium falciparum/genetics/*immunology/physiology
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics/*immunology
MH  - Protozoan Proteins/classification/genetics/*immunology
MH  - Selection, Genetic/immunology
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
MH  - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
MH  - Sporozoites/immunology/metabolism
MH  - Thailand
PMC - PMC3938765
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2014/03/04 06:00
MHDA- 2015/06/27 06:00
PMCR- 2014/02/28
CRDT- 2014/03/04 06:00
PHST- 2013/08/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/02/02 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/03/04 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/03/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/06/27 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2014/02/28 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-13-35800 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0090522 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2014 Feb 28;9(2):e90522. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090522. eCollection 
      2014.