PMID- 24605699
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140401
LR  - 20170214
IS  - 0379-5721 (Print)
IS  - 0379-5721 (Linking)
VI  - 34
IP  - 4
DP  - 2013 Dec
TI  - Policy implications of using a household consumption and expenditures survey 
      versus an observed-weighed food record survey to design a food fortification 
      program.
PG  - 520-32
AB  - BACKGROUND: Observed-Weighed Food Record Surveys (OWFR) are regarded as the most 
      precise dietary assessment methodology, despite their recognized shortcomings, 
      which include limited availability, high cost, small samples with uncertain 
      external validity that rarely include all household members, Hawthorne effects, 
      and using only 1 or 2 days to identify "usual intake." Although Household 
      Consumption and Expenditures Surveys (HCES) also have significant limitations, 
      they are increasingly being used to inform nutrition policy OBJECTIVE: To 
      investigate differences in fortification simulations based on OWFR and HCES from 
      Bangladesh. METHODS: The pre- and postfortification nutrient intake levels from 
      the two surveys were compared. RESULTS: The total population-based rank orderings 
      of oil, wheat flour, and sugar coverage were identical for the two surveys. OWFR 
      found differences in women's and children's coverage rates and average quantities 
      consumed for all three foods that were not detected by HCES. Guided by the Food 
      Fortification Formulator, we found that these differences did not result in 
      differences in recommended fortification levels. Differences were found, however, 
      in estimated impacts: although both surveys found that oil would be effective in 
      reducing the prevalence of inadequate vitamin A intake among both subpopulations, 
      only OWFR also found that sugar and wheat flour fortification would significantly 
      reduce inadequate vitamin A intake among children. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the less 
      precise measure of food consumption from HCES, the two surveys provide similar 
      guidance for designing a fortification program. The external validity of these 
      findings is limited. With relatively minor modifications, the precision of HCES 
      in dietary assessment and the use ofHCES in fortification programming could be 
      strengthened.
FAU - Lividini, Keith
AU  - Lividini K
AD  - HarvestPlus, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA. 
      k.lividini@cgiar.org
FAU - Fiedler, John L
AU  - Fiedler JL
AD  - HarvestPlus, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA.
FAU - Bermudez, Odilia I
AU  - Bermudez OI
AD  - Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of 
      Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Food Nutr Bull
JT  - Food and nutrition bulletin
JID - 7906418
RN  - 0 (Dietary Sucrose)
RN  - 0 (Plant Oils)
RN  - 11103-57-4 (Vitamin A)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Bangladesh
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - *Costs and Cost Analysis
MH  - *Diet Surveys
MH  - Dietary Sucrose
MH  - Energy Intake
MH  - Female
MH  - Flour
MH  - Food/*economics
MH  - *Food, Fortified
MH  - Humans
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - *Nutrition Policy
MH  - Plant Oils
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Triticum
MH  - Vitamin A/administration & dosage
MH  - Vitamin A Deficiency/prevention & control
MH  - Young Adult
EDAT- 2014/03/13 06:00
MHDA- 2014/04/02 06:00
CRDT- 2014/03/11 06:00
PHST- 2014/03/11 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/03/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/04/02 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1177/156482651303400414 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Food Nutr Bull. 2013 Dec;34(4):520-32. doi: 10.1177/156482651303400414.