PMID- 24618564 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20150529 LR - 20211021 IS - 1932-6203 (Electronic) IS - 1932-6203 (Linking) VI - 9 IP - 3 DP - 2014 TI - Treadmill exercise induced functional recovery after peripheral nerve repair is associated with increased levels of neurotrophic factors. PG - e90245 LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0090245 [doi] LID - e90245 AB - Benefits of exercise on nerve regeneration and functional recovery have been reported in both central and peripheral nervous system disease models. However, underlying molecular mechanisms of enhanced regeneration and improved functional outcomes are less understood. We used a peripheral nerve regeneration model that has a good correlation between functional outcomes and number of motor axons that regenerate to evaluate the impact of treadmill exercise. In this model, the median nerve was transected and repaired while the ulnar nerve was transected and prevented from regeneration. Daily treadmill exercise resulted in faster recovery of the forelimb grip function as evaluated by grip power and inverted holding test. Daily exercise also resulted in better regeneration as evaluated by recovery of compound motor action potentials, higher number of axons in the median nerve and larger myofiber size in target muscles. Furthermore, these observations correlated with higher levels of neurotrophic factors, glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), in serum, nerve and muscle suggesting that increase in muscle derived neurotrophic factors may be responsible for improved regeneration. FAU - Park, Jae-Sung AU - Park JS AD - Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America. FAU - Hoke, Ahmet AU - Hoke A AD - Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20140311 PL - United States TA - PLoS One JT - PloS one JID - 101285081 RN - 0 (Nerve Growth Factors) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Disease Models, Animal MH - Electrophysiological Phenomena MH - *Exercise MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Mice MH - Motor Neurons/physiology MH - Muscle Strength MH - Muscle, Skeletal/physiology MH - Nerve Growth Factors/blood/*metabolism MH - *Nerve Regeneration MH - Peripheral Nerve Injuries/*metabolism/pathology/*rehabilitation MH - Physical Conditioning, Animal PMC - PMC3949693 COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. EDAT- 2014/03/13 06:00 MHDA- 2015/05/30 06:00 PMCR- 2014/03/11 CRDT- 2014/03/13 06:00 PHST- 2013/12/01 00:00 [received] PHST- 2014/01/27 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/03/13 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/03/13 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/05/30 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2014/03/11 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - PONE-D-13-50601 [pii] AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0090245 [doi] PST - epublish SO - PLoS One. 2014 Mar 11;9(3):e90245. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090245. eCollection 2014.