PMID- 24622055
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150529
LR  - 20240314
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 3
DP  - 2014
TI  - Inhibition of major virulence pathways of Streptococcus mutans by quercitrin and 
      deoxynojirimycin: a synergistic approach of infection control.
PG  - e91736
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0091736 [doi]
LID - e91736
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the synergistic effect of Quercitrin and Deoxynojirimycin 
      (DNJ) together with their individual inhibitory effect against virulence pathways 
      of Streptococcus mutans. METHODOLOGY: MICs of both the compounds were determined 
      by the microdilution method, followed by their in vitrosynergy using checkerboard 
      and time kill assay. The nature of interaction was classified as synergistic on 
      the basis of fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) value of </=0.5. 
      Furthermore, the activity of Quercitrin and DNJ was evaluated individually and in 
      combination against various cariogenic properties of S. mutans UA159 such as 
      acidogenesis, aciduracity, glucan production, hydrophobicity, biofilm and 
      adherence. Moreover, expression of virulent genes in S. mutans was analysed by 
      quantitative RT- PCR (qRT-PCR) and inhibition of F1F0-ATPase, lactate 
      dehydrogenase and enolase was also evaluated. Finally, scanning electron 
      microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate structural obliteration of biofilm. 
      RESULTS: The in vitro synergism between Quercitrin and DNJ was observed, with a 
      FICI of 0.313. Their MIC values were found to be 64 mug/ml and 16 mug/ml 
      respectively. The synergistic combination consistently showed best activity 
      against all the virulence factors as compared to Quercitrin and DNJ individually. 
      A reduction in glucan synthesis and biofilm formation was observed at different 
      phases of growth. The qRT-PCR revealed significant downregulation of various 
      virulent genes. Electron micrographs depicted the obliteration of biofilm as 
      compared to control and the activity of cariogenic enzymes was also inhibited. 
      CONCLUSIONS: The whole study reflects a prospective role of Quercitrin and DNJ in 
      combination as a potent anticariogenic agent against S. mutans.
FAU - Hasan, Sadaf
AU  - Hasan S
AD  - Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Lab, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology 
      Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
FAU - Singh, Kunal
AU  - Singh K
AD  - National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 
      India.
FAU - Danisuddin, Mohd
AU  - Danisuddin M
AD  - Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Lab, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology 
      Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
FAU - Verma, Praveen K
AU  - Verma PK
AD  - National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 
      India.
FAU - Khan, Asad U
AU  - Khan AU
AD  - Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Lab, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology 
      Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20140312
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
RN  - 0 (Antigens, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (Glucans)
RN  - 0 (Polysaccharides, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (deoxynojirimycine)
RN  - 19130-96-2 (1-Deoxynojirimycin)
RN  - 2Y8906LC5P (quercitrin)
RN  - 9IKM0I5T1E (Quercetin)
RN  - N08U5BOQ1K (Glucosamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - 1-Deoxynojirimycin/pharmacology
MH  - Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - Antigens, Bacterial/metabolism
MH  - Bacterial Adhesion/drug effects
MH  - Biofilms/drug effects/growth & development
MH  - Drug Synergism
MH  - Extracellular Space/drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial/drug effects
MH  - Glucans/metabolism
MH  - Glucosamine/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology
MH  - Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
MH  - Infection Control
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - Microbial Viability/drug effects
MH  - Polysaccharides, Bacterial/metabolism
MH  - Quercetin/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology
MH  - Streptococcus mutans/*drug effects/growth & development/metabolism/*pathogenicity
MH  - Stress, Physiological/drug effects
MH  - Virulence/drug effects
PMC - PMC3951425
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2014/03/14 06:00
MHDA- 2015/05/30 06:00
PMCR- 2014/03/12
CRDT- 2014/03/14 06:00
PHST- 2013/09/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/02/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/03/14 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/03/14 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/05/30 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2014/03/12 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-13-40040 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0091736 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2014 Mar 12;9(3):e91736. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091736. eCollection 
      2014.