PMID- 24631479
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140822
LR  - 20220330
IS  - 1879-1891 (Electronic)
IS  - 0002-9394 (Linking)
VI  - 158
IP  - 1
DP  - 2014 Jul
TI  - Ghost maculopathy: an artifact on near-infrared reflectance and multicolor 
      imaging masquerading as chorioretinal pathology.
PG  - 171-178.e2
LID - S0002-9394(14)00141-X [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.ajo.2014.03.003 [doi]
AB  - PURPOSE: To describe the features of an artifact on near-infrared reflectance and 
      MultiColor imaging, termed "ghost maculopathy," and to illustrate how it may 
      masquerade as true chorioretinal pathology. DESIGN: This was a retrospective, 
      observational case series. METHODS: The authors studied 144 eyes of 72 
      consecutive patients in a vitreoretinal clinical practice, reviewing multimodal 
      imaging including color and red-free fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence 
      (FAF), near-infrared reflectance, MultiColor imaging, and spectral-domain optical 
      coherence tomography (SD OCT). RESULTS: In 36 of 144 eyes (25%), there was an 
      appearance of a hyper-reflective spot on near-infrared reflectance and MultiColor 
      imaging, located at the macula, nasal or superonasal to the fovea, which did not 
      correspond to any apparent lesion on color and red-free fundus photography, FAF, 
      or SD OCT. This spot was termed the "ghost image" in this phenomenon of "ghost 
      maculopathy." The ghost image was present consistently on near-infrared 
      reflectance and MultiColor imaging in all 36 eyes at every imaging encounter, 
      showing minimal and subtle variability in its shape and location within each eye; 
      however, it showed large interindividual variability in size, shape, location, 
      and reflectivity between different eyes. Nine eyes were found to have a similar 
      hyper-reflective spot resembling that in ghost maculopathy, but corresponding SD 
      OCT images were consistent with diagnoses of choroidal nevus, age-related macular 
      degeneration, and multifocal choroiditis. All eyes with ghost maculopathy were 
      found to be pseudophakic with a posterior chamber intraocular lens. CONCLUSION: 
      Ghost maculopathy is the phenomenon of an imaging artifact appearing at the 
      macula on near-infrared reflectance and MultiColor imaging that occurs 
      predominantly in pseudophakic patients and may be mistaken for true chorioretinal 
      pathology. Awareness of this artifact is prudent to avoid misinterpretation of 
      clinical findings and possible unnecessary over-investigation.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Pang, Claudine E
AU  - Pang CE
AD  - The Vitreous, Retina, Macula Consultants of New York, New York, New York; 
      LuEsther T. Mertz Retinal Research Center, Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat 
      Hospital, New York, New York.
FAU - Freund, K Bailey
AU  - Freund KB
AD  - The Vitreous, Retina, Macula Consultants of New York, New York, New York; 
      LuEsther T. Mertz Retinal Research Center, Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat 
      Hospital, New York, New York; Department of Ophthalmology, New York University 
      School of Medicine, New York, New York. Electronic address: kbfnyf@aol.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Observational Study
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20140312
PL  - United States
TA  - Am J Ophthalmol
JT  - American journal of ophthalmology
JID - 0370500
SB  - IM
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - *Artifacts
MH  - Choroid Neoplasms/*diagnosis
MH  - Choroiditis/*diagnosis
MH  - Diagnosis, Differential
MH  - Female
MH  - Fluorescein Angiography
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infrared Rays
MH  - Macular Degeneration/*diagnosis
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Multimodal Imaging/*methods
MH  - Nevus, Pigmented/*diagnosis
MH  - Pseudophakia/etiology
MH  - Retinal Diseases/*diagnosis
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - Tomography, Optical Coherence
EDAT- 2014/03/19 06:00
MHDA- 2014/08/26 06:00
CRDT- 2014/03/18 06:00
PHST- 2013/09/23 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/03/04 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2014/03/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/03/18 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/03/19 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/08/26 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0002-9394(14)00141-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ajo.2014.03.003 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Am J Ophthalmol. 2014 Jul;158(1):171-178.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2014.03.003. Epub 
      2014 Mar 12.