PMID- 24636517 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20141107 LR - 20220330 IS - 1873-3360 (Electronic) IS - 0306-4530 (Linking) VI - 42 DP - 2014 Apr TI - Absence of the gut microbiota enhances anxiety-like behavior and neuroendocrine response to acute stress in rats. PG - 207-17 LID - S0306-4530(14)00039-0 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.01.014 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Establishment of the gut microbiota is one of the most important events in early life and emerging evidence indicates that the gut microbiota influences several aspects of brain functioning, including reactivity to stress. To better understand how the gut microbiota contributes to a vulnerability to the stress-related psychiatric disorders, we investigated the relationship between the gut microbiota, anxiety-like behavior and HPA axis activity in stress-sensitive rodents. We also analyzed the monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain upper structures involved in the regulation of stress and anxiety. METHODS: Germfree (GF) and specific pathogen free (SPF) F344 male rats were first subjected to neurological tests to rule out sensorimotor impairments as confounding factors. Then, we examined the behavior responses of rats to social interaction and open-field tests. Serum corticosterone concentrations, CRF mRNA expression levels in the hypothalamus, glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA expression levels in the hippocampus, and monoamine concentrations in the frontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum were compared in rats that were either exposed to the open-field stress or not. RESULTS: GF rats spent less time sniffing an unknown partner than SPF rats in the social interaction test, and displayed a lower number of visits to the aversive central area, and an increase in latency time, time spent in the corners and number of defecations in the open-field test. In response to the open-field stress, serum corticosterone concentrations were 2.8-fold higher in GF than in SPF rats. Compared to that of SPF rats, GF rats showed elevated CRF mRNA expression in the hypothalamus and reduced GR mRNA expression in the hippocampus. GF rats also had a lower dopaminergic turnover rate in the frontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum than SPF rats. CONCLUSIONS: In stress-sensitive F344 rats, absence of the gut microbiota exacerbates the neuroendocrine and behavioral responses to acute stress and the results coexist with alterations of the dopaminergic turnover rate in brain upper structures that are known to regulate reactivity to stress and anxiety-like behavior. CI - Copyright (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - Crumeyrolle-Arias, Michele AU - Crumeyrolle-Arias M AD - INSERM, UMRS952 Physiopathologie des Maladies du Systeme Nerveux Central, F-75005 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR7224 Physiopathologie des Maladies du Systeme Nerveux Central, F-75005 Paris, France; UPMC, Physiopathologie des Maladies du Systeme Nerveux Central, F-75005 Paris, France. FAU - Jaglin, Mathilde AU - Jaglin M AD - INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; AgroParisTech, Micalis, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France. FAU - Bruneau, Aurelia AU - Bruneau A AD - INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; AgroParisTech, Micalis, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France. FAU - Vancassel, Sylvie AU - Vancassel S AD - INRA, UR0909 Nurelice, Jouy-en-Josas, France. FAU - Cardona, Ana AU - Cardona A AD - Institut Pasteur, Plateforme Imagerie Dynamique, Paris, France. FAU - Dauge, Valerie AU - Dauge V AD - INSERM, UMRS952 Physiopathologie des Maladies du Systeme Nerveux Central, F-75005 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR7224 Physiopathologie des Maladies du Systeme Nerveux Central, F-75005 Paris, France; UPMC, Physiopathologie des Maladies du Systeme Nerveux Central, F-75005 Paris, France; CNRS, Micalis, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France. FAU - Naudon, Laurent AU - Naudon L AD - INSERM, UMRS952 Physiopathologie des Maladies du Systeme Nerveux Central, F-75005 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR7224 Physiopathologie des Maladies du Systeme Nerveux Central, F-75005 Paris, France; UPMC, Physiopathologie des Maladies du Systeme Nerveux Central, F-75005 Paris, France; CNRS, Micalis, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France. FAU - Rabot, Sylvie AU - Rabot S AD - INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; AgroParisTech, Micalis, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France. Electronic address: Sylvie.Rabot@jouy.inra.fr. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20140131 PL - England TA - Psychoneuroendocrinology JT - Psychoneuroendocrinology JID - 7612148 RN - 0 (Receptors, Glucocorticoid) RN - 9015-71-8 (Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone) RN - W980KJ009P (Corticosterone) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Anxiety/etiology/metabolism/*microbiology MH - Behavior, Animal/*physiology MH - Brain/metabolism MH - Corticosterone/blood MH - Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/metabolism MH - Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/metabolism MH - Intestines/*microbiology MH - Male MH - Microbiota MH - Pituitary-Adrenal System/metabolism MH - Rats MH - Rats, Inbred F344 MH - Receptors, Glucocorticoid/metabolism MH - Social Behavior MH - Stress, Psychological/complications/*microbiology OTO - NOTNLM OT - Brain monoamines OT - Corticosterone OT - Corticotropin releasing factor OT - Dopamine OT - Germfree OT - Glucocorticoid receptor OT - Gut-brain interaction OT - Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis OT - Open-field EDAT- 2014/03/19 06:00 MHDA- 2014/11/08 06:00 CRDT- 2014/03/19 06:00 PHST- 2013/09/12 00:00 [received] PHST- 2014/01/16 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2014/01/22 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/03/19 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/03/19 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/11/08 06:00 [medline] AID - S0306-4530(14)00039-0 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.01.014 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2014 Apr;42:207-17. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.01.014. Epub 2014 Jan 31.