PMID- 24663222
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20141016
LR  - 20220410
IS  - 1759-5037 (Electronic)
IS  - 1759-5029 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 5
DP  - 2014 May
TI  - Insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia in cardiovascular disease development.
PG  - 293-302
LID - 10.1038/nrendo.2014.29 [doi]
AB  - The prevalence of diabetes mellitus will likely increase globally from 371 
      million individuals in 2013 to 552 million individuals in 2030. This epidemic is 
      mainly attributable to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which represents about 
      90-95% of all cases. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality 
      among individuals with diabetes mellitus, and >50% of patients will die from a 
      cardiovascular event-especially coronary artery disease, but also stroke and 
      peripheral vascular disease. Classic risk factors such as elevated levels of LDL 
      cholesterol and blood pressure, as well as smoking, are risk factors for adverse 
      cardiovascular events in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and T2DM 
      to a similar degree as they are in healthy individuals. Patients with T1DM 
      develop insulin resistance in the months after diabetes mellitus diagnosis, and 
      patients with T2DM typically develop insulin resistance before hyperglycaemia 
      occurs. Insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia, in turn, further increase the risk 
      of adverse cardiovascular events. This Review discusses the mechanisms by which 
      T1DM and T2DM can lead to cardiovascular disease and how these relate to the risk 
      factors for coronary artery disease.
FAU - Laakso, Markku
AU  - Laakso M
AD  - Institute of Clinical Science, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland 
      and Kuopio University Hospital, Yliopistonranta 1E, 70210 Kuopio, Finland.
FAU - Kuusisto, Johanna
AU  - Kuusisto J
AD  - Institute of Clinical Science, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland 
      and Kuopio University Hospital, Yliopistonranta 1E, 70210 Kuopio, Finland.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20140325
PL  - England
TA  - Nat Rev Endocrinol
JT  - Nature reviews. Endocrinology
JID - 101500078
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Biomarkers
MH  - Cardiovascular Diseases/*etiology/physiopathology
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hyperglycemia/*complications/physiopathology
MH  - Insulin Resistance/*physiology
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Vascular Diseases/complications/physiopathology
EDAT- 2014/03/26 06:00
MHDA- 2014/10/17 06:00
CRDT- 2014/03/26 06:00
PHST- 2014/03/26 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/03/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/10/17 06:00 [medline]
AID - nrendo.2014.29 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/nrendo.2014.29 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2014 May;10(5):293-302. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2014.29. Epub 
      2014 Mar 25.