PMID- 24666892
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20141210
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1756-3305 (Electronic)
IS  - 1756-3305 (Linking)
VI  - 7
DP  - 2014 Mar 25
TI  - Parasitic antigens alter macrophage polarization during Schistosoma japonicum 
      infection in mice.
PG  - 122
LID - 10.1186/1756-3305-7-122 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Schistosome eggs are trapped in host liver and elicit severe hepatic 
      granulomatous inflammation, which can lead to periportal fibrosis, portal 
      hypertension, hemorrhage, or even death in the host. It was reported that the 
      macrophage plays an important role in host immune responses to schistosome 
      infection. Nitric oxide (NO) produced by classically activated macrophages (M1 
      macrophages) is cytotoxic to schistosomula and can prevent hepatic schistosomal 
      fibrosis, while arginase-1 (Arg-1) expressed by alternatively activated 
      macrophages (M2 macrophages) promotes hepatic schistosomal fibrosis. However, the 
      dynamics of macrophage polarization, as well as the possible factors that 
      regulate macrophage polarization, during schistosome infection remain unclear. 
      METHODS: We first analyzed M1 and M2-phenotypic markers of peritoneal macrophages 
      from mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) at indicated time 
      points using flow cytometry (FCM) analysis and real-time PCR. Then we treated 
      peritoneal macrophages from normal mice with schistosome worm antigen (SWA) or 
      schistosome soluble egg antigen (SEA) and determined M1 and M2-phenotypic 
      markers, in order to identify macrophage polarization in responding to 
      schistosomal antigens. RESULTS: In this study, we showed that macrophages were 
      preferentially differentiated into the M1 subtype during the acute stage of S. 
      japonicum infection. However, the level of M1 macrophages decreased and M2 
      macrophages significantly increased during the chronic stage of infection. 
      Furthermore, we showed that SWA favors the generation of M1 macrophages, whereas 
      SEA preferentially promotes M2-polarized phenotype. CONCLUSION: These findings 
      not only reveal the parasite antigen-driven dynamic changes in macrophage 
      polarization, but also suggest that manipulation of macrophage polarization may 
      be of therapeutic benefit in controlling excessive hepatic granulomas and 
      fibrosis in the host with schistosomiasis.
FAU - Zhu, Jifeng
AU  - Zhu J
FAU - Xu, Zhipeng
AU  - Xu Z
FAU - Chen, Xiaojun
AU  - Chen X
FAU - Zhou, Sha
AU  - Zhou S
FAU - Zhang, Weiwei
AU  - Zhang W
FAU - Chi, Ying
AU  - Chi Y
FAU - Li, Wei
AU  - Li W
FAU - Song, Xian
AU  - Song X
FAU - Liu, Feng
AU  - Liu F
FAU - Su, Chuan
AU  - Su C
AD  - Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen 
      Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, 
      China. chuansu@njmu.edu.cn.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20140325
PL  - England
TA  - Parasit Vectors
JT  - Parasites & vectors
JID - 101462774
RN  - 0 (Antigens, Helminth)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antigens, Helminth/*immunology
MH  - Female
MH  - Macrophages, Peritoneal/*physiology
MH  - Mice
MH  - Schistosoma japonicum/*immunology
MH  - Schistosomiasis japonica/*immunology/parasitology
PMC - PMC3975460
EDAT- 2014/03/29 06:00
MHDA- 2014/12/15 06:00
PMCR- 2014/03/25
CRDT- 2014/03/27 06:00
PHST- 2014/01/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/03/11 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/03/27 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/03/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/12/15 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2014/03/25 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 1756-3305-7-122 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/1756-3305-7-122 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Parasit Vectors. 2014 Mar 25;7:122. doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-122.